Zuwɛnkalo tɛmɛnen, Floride jamana na, lafiɲɛbɔjɛkulu dɔ ye an wele, u ka litiyamu jiginni dɛsɛlen kɔfɛ kalo tan ni naani na. Dingɛ mugan-wolonwula, kɔgɔjida la yɔrɔ ni kɔgɔ fiɲɛ bɛ sɔrɔ, nɛnɛ ka bon san-kɔnɔ. U tun ye pake 80 san feerekɛla dɔ fɛ min ye 30% fɔ sugu hakɛ jukɔrɔ. An y’an sen don a la waati min na, wotoro 23 tun bɛ duguma kaban ni BMS dɛsɛw ye, wa seko sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛra unit tɔw kan, o y’a jira ko seko hakɛ jateminɛlen ye 71% ye. U ka sannifeere jɛkulu tun ye fɛn bɛɛ kɛ ka ɲɛ papiye kan : u ye specs suma ɲɔgɔn na, ka seereyaw lajɛ, ka garanti sariyaw lajɛ. U ma Se ka min Sɛgɛsɛgɛ, o ye selilabana ye. O dɔnniya danfara in ye dɔrɔmɛ 47.000 bɔ u la kɔrɔtɔko fɛnw caman cili la ani kalo saba kurunbokari seko dɔgɔyali la waati min na mɔgɔw ka ca kosɛbɛ.
N’i bɛ ka 48V fleet batiriw jateminɛ, i mago bɛ kunnafoniw na minnu bɛ feerekɛlaw faranfasi minnu bɛ fɛnw di ka bɔ minnu bɛ tunun ni gɛlɛyaw bɔra.
Sannifeere Tiɲɛni Mɔgɔ si tɛ min Blà sɛbɛnni na
Diɲɛ kɔnɔ litiyamu gɔlf wotoro batiri feereli sera miliyɔn 1,2 ɲɔgɔn ma san 2025 kɔnɔ ni jago sɔngɔ ye dɔrɔmɛ 1350 ye kelen kelen na (statsmarketresearch.com). O hakɛ danmadɔ bɛ danfaraba dɔ datugu. Fiyeere pake minnu bɛ feere Amazɔni fɛ, olu bɛ se dɔrɔmɛ 1100 fo dɔrɔmɛ 1800 ma. B2B sɔngɔko camanba min bɛ kɛ ni A Grade A fɛn sɛgɛsɛgɛlen ye, o bɛ jigin dɔrɔmɛ 1800 ni dɔrɔmɛ 2400 cɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni seko ni BMS labɛncogo ye. O jatedenw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ danfara ye sanniko latigɛw bɛ ɲɛ sɔrɔ walima u tɛ ɲɛ sɔrɔ yɔrɔ min na.
48V yɔrɔ bɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la basigi sigilenba jira jagokɛla ka gɔlf wotoro baara la. Club Car, EZGO, walima Yamaha kurunba minnu sanna san 2008 ni 2020 cɛ, olu fanba bɛ 48V sitɛmuw baara. O sannikɛlaw bɛ sugandili dɔ ɲɛ min tun tɛ yen a san duuru ye nin ye : ka t’a fɛ ka lead-asidi caman cili sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ, ka wuli ka kɛ donna-dafa litiyamu ye, walima ka wari bila fleet-grade litiyamu na min dabɔra jagokɛlaw ka baarakɛta siratigɛ la.
Seko ni dɔnko sugandili: Sugandili min bɛ kɛ sannikɛla fanba bɛ fili
A ka c’a la, sannifeere jɛkuluw bɛ u sinsin chimie kan (litiyamu ni plɔmu-asidi) ni desizɔn min bɛ na ni nɔba ye, o bɛ tali kɛ seko ni dɔnko hakɛ la litiyamu suganditaw kɔnɔ. 48V 100Ah pake ni 48V 150Ah pake bɛ baara kɛ ni chimie kelen ye, BMS jɔcogo kelen, ani selilɛri jogo min bɛ se ka suma ɲɔgɔn ma. Danfara min bɛ baarakɛcogo la kurunba baara la, o ye ko ye min ka bon kosɛbɛ.
| Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la | 48V 100Ah ƝɛnamayaPO4 | 48V 150Ah ƝɛnamayaPO4 |
|---|---|---|
| Fanga seko ni dɔnko | 5,12 kWh | 7,68 kWh |
| Range typique per charge (sarali) kelen-kelen bɛɛ | 35-45 kilomɛtɛrɛ | 55-70 kilomɛtɛrɛ |
| Girinya | Kilo 42-48 ye | kilo 58-65 ye |
| A kɛcogo min bɛ ladilikan di | Standard 18-hole, dugukolo fla | 27+ dingɛw, sanfɛyɔrɔ caman cili, baara gɛlɛn |
| Jɔrɔnan sɔngɔ hakɛ (Grade A) . | $1,800-$2,200 | $2,400-$2,800 |
| Sikiliw ka se 80% seko ma | 4,000+ | 4,000+ |
An bɛ fili min ye siɲɛ caman : yɔrɔ minnu ka dugukolo bɛ ɲini walima minnu ka baara ka bon don o don, olu bɛ 100Ah pakew san bawo per-unit musaka bɛ ɲɛ. Kalo wɔɔrɔ o kɔfɛ, u bɛ ka tile cɛmancɛ-sara walima ka wotoro sama ka bɔ baara la. $400-600 min bɛ kɛ fɛn kelen-kelen bɛɛ bolo, o bɛ tunun ka kɛ baarakɛcogo tiɲɛni ye.
Dugukolo jateminɛ protocole nafa ka bon yan. Baara minnu bɛ kɛ ni sanfɛla caman yeli ye min tɛmɛna mɛtɛrɛ 150 kan dingɛ 18 kɔnɔ, walima yɔrɔ minnu bɛ wotoro boli dingɛ 27+ kɔnɔ don o don, olu ka kan ka kɛ 150Ah ye fo ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw y’a jira ko o tɛ. Fanga min bɛ sanfɛ, o bɛ bɔli jugumanw bali minnu bɛ seko ni dɔnko tiɲɛni teliya.
San duuru-San Fleet Sɔrɔko
Abstrait ROI projections tɛ bɛnkanw datugu. Jateden lakikaw bɛ o kɛ.
An bɛna baara kɛ ni wotoro 10-wotoro ye i n’a fɔ basigi. Miirili : Sikili 450 san o san, ladonni baara bɛ kɛ dɔrɔmɛ 28/lɛrɛ kɔnɔ ni doni dafalen don, kuran bɛ kɛ dɔrɔmɛ 0,12/kWh kɔnɔ, asidi plɔmu caman cili kalo 30 o kalo 30.
| Muɲu suguya | Plomb-Asidi (San 5 bɛɛ lajɛlen) . | Litiyamu 100Ah (San 5) . | Litiyamu 150Ah (San 5) . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Batiri fɔlɔw bilali | $8,000 | $20,000 | $26,000 |
| Chargeur musaka (waati-siɲɛ kelen) . | A bɛ sɔrɔ a kɔnɔ | $3,200 | $3,500 |
| Batiri caman cili | $16.000 (sikili 2) . | $0 | $0 |
| Ladonni baara | $16,800 | $1,400 | $1,400 |
| Kuran (baarakɛcogo ɲuman bɔnɛ) . | $2,880 | $0 | $0 |
| San duuru{0}}a bɛɛ lajɛlen | $43,680 | $24,600 | $30,900 |
| Muso kelen musaka san kɔnɔ | $873 | $492 | $618 |
Litiyamu nafa bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan ka tɛmɛ san duuru kan. Plɔmu-asidi bɛ dɔrɔmɛ 16.000 wɛrɛ de wajibiya a nɔ na san wɔɔrɔ ni wolonwula kɔnɔ. Litiyamu pake minnu bɛ A ka sariyaw dafa, olu bɛ taa a fɛ ka baara kɛ ni 80%+ seko ye fo ka se san 8nan ma walima ka tɛmɛ o kan.
Sarako jatebɔ 100Ah sigicogo la : sɔngɔ fɔlɔ min ye dɔrɔmɛ 15 200 ye ka tɛmɛ asidi plɔmu- kan, san o san warimara ye dɔrɔmɛ 3816 ye, sarali kalo 48. Baarakɛminɛnw na minnu ka baara musaka ka bon walima minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni fanga ye, sara bɛ teliya ka kɛɲɛ ni a hakɛ ye.
O jateminɛw b’a miiri ko Grade A selilɛriw bɛ baara kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni fɛn ɲɛfɔlen ye. Seli minnu tɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ, olu bɛ modɛli tiɲɛ pewu, o de y’a to seliw sɛgɛsɛgɛli nafa ka bon ka tɛmɛ sannifeere fɛn wɛrɛw kan.
Cell Grade Verification: An bɛ min lajɛ sani an ka ci
LiFePO4 dilannikɛla bɛɛ bɛ sɛnɛfɛnw bɔli jate. Daɲɛw ye diɲɛ bɛɛ ta ye; sariyaw tɛ o cogo la. Izini dɔ bɛ min wele ko A, dɔ wɛrɛ bɛ se k’a jate ko B. O bɛnbaliya bɛ arbitrage cogoyaw lase feerekɛlaw ma minnu b’a fɛ ka fɛn dilannen tɔgɔ sɛbɛn kokura.
Jatebɔ sariyaw minnu bɛ kɛ kurunba kɔnɔ, olu bɛ jigin ka se sumanikɛlan saba ma. Seko lakika ni spec rated : A bɛ 98-102% di, B bɛ jigin ka se 85-95% ma, C bɛ jigin 85% duguma. Kɔnɔna na resistance consistance nafa ka bon o cogo kelen na. Grade A bɛ minɛ ±3mΩ kɔnɔ batch bɛɛ kɔnɔ. Kalanso B? I b’a lajɛ ±5-8mΩ ɲɔgɔndan, wa o danfara bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan cycles kan. Yɛrɛ bɔli a maratuma na, o bɛ ja lamini. A ka seliluw bɛ bɔnɛ 3% jukɔrɔ kalo o kalo. Fɛn o fɛn ka bon, o b’a jira ko kuran basigibaliya bɛ yen.
O fɔ cogo lakika la. 48V 100Ah pake min dilannen don ni Grade B selilɛriw ye ni 90% ye a seko yɛrɛ la, o bɛ kilowati 4,6 di sanni ka kilowati 5,12 di. Aw ka hakɛ bɛ jigin ni 10% ye. Min ka jugu ni o bɛɛ ye, o ye ko kɔnɔna rezisti danfara min bɛ seliluw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka chargement (sarali) kɛ cogo kelen na. Bugunw bɛ Bɔ ɲɔgɔn na. Tiɲɛni bɛ teliya. O 4000-cycle spec kan datasheet kan wa? I bɛna hɛrɛ sɔrɔ ka 2000 gosi.
Fɔlɔ-selilu dilannikɛlaw minnu bɛ CATL, BYD, ani EVE la, olu bɛ se ka 2% ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ sɛnɛfɛnw dilanni nafama hakɛ la. Filanan ni sabanan- izini minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni 5-10% ye fiɲɛ hakɛ la. O selilu nafamaw bɛ don sugu la siraw fɛ minnu bɛ sɔngɔ bila jɔyɔrɔ fɔlɔ la ka tɛmɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kan. Sannikɛlaw bɛ nafa min ye pake kelen sɔngɔ nafa ye dɔrɔmɛ 300-400 ye quotation dɔw kɔnɔ, o bɛ o farati jira tigitigi.
BMS Architecture: Yɔrɔ min na pake sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw bɛ dɛsɛ
BMS ye pake ka hakili ye. Aw ye nin sɔrɔ cogo jugu la ani foyi wɛrɛ tɛ nafa sɔrɔ.
48V kurunba baaracogo ka dɔgɔn : 200A bɔli basigilen (250A+ ni kulu lakikaw bɛ i ka dugukolo kan), 400A kuncɛ fo segin 30 la dɔgɔmannin, balansi active la 1A walima ka tɛmɛ o kan, low-temp charge lockout at 0℃Lakanali jaabi ka kan ka kɛ mikrosekɔndi 100 jukɔrɔ ko kɛlenw na minnu bɛ kɛ ka tɛmɛ.
Balance (balance) ye yɔrɔ ye min na dilan sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw b’a fiyɛ. Balance passif min bɛ 50-100mA la, nafa tɛ o la tigitigi 100Ah+ selilɛriw kan. A bɛ dɔgɔkun caman ta walasa ka drift kɔrɔ fɛn o fɛn latilen. An ye ɲɔgɔndan dɛsɛlenw ka pakew da wuli ani k’a ye ko BMS bolila balansi dɔrɔn de la miniti labanw kɔnɔ charge cycle kelen-kelen bɛɛ la. Bugunw tùn bɛ Bɔ ɲɔgɔn na siɲɛ 200-300 kɔnɔ fo kelen ka lakana danw Dòn. Pack bɛ da tugu cɛmancɛ la. Dunan min sirilen bɛ fairway 14nan na. Ladonni bɛ arajo weleli sɔrɔ.
Balance active bɛ fanga lamaga seliw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ chargement ni dischargement fila bɛɛ la, ka balannako mara tuma bɛɛ. Musaka danfara min bɛ BMS dilancogo pasif ni active cɛ, o bɛ $40-60 bɔ pake kelen na. Baarakɛcogo danfara min bɛ 3,000+ cycles kan, o de b’a jira ni pake bɛ a ka ɲɛnamaya hakɛ dantigɛlen dafa.
Kumaɲɔgɔnya seko bɛ ka bonya ka taa a fɛ kurunbokari baara la. Bluetooth jɛɲɔgɔnya jɔnjɔn bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka pake kelen-kɔlɔsili kɛ. CAN bisiw jɛ-ka-baara bɛ sira di bolifɛnw ka telemetriki cɛmancɛ ma, bolifɛnw ɲɛnabɔli siratigɛ la minnu bɛ sen na. An bɛ o cogoya fila bɛɛ di ka kɛɲɛ ni kiliyanw ka infrastructure requirements ye.
Kontrɔla ni Chargeur ka bɛnkan
Litiyamu tɛ jigin-wap ye. Voltage profile tɛ kelen ye fo i ka infrastructure kɔrɔlenw bɛ se ka mago don baara la.
48V LiFePO4 min chargera kosɛbɛ, o bɛ 58.4V gosi. Seli tan ni wɔɔrɔ bɛ 3,65V kelen-kelen bɛɛ la. Kontrɔla minnu jate kɛra 50V max input ye, olu bɛna tobi. Dɔw bɛ da tugu dɔrɔn. Dɔ wɛrɛw bɛ tiɲɛniw ta. An ye o fila bɛɛ ye. Aw ye aw ka controleur specs lajɛ sani aw ka batiriw komandi, aw kana o kɔfɛ.
Curtis 1266A-5201 bɛ 48V litiyamu minɛ k’a sɔrɔ a ma fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya. Navitas units fana bɛ baara kɛ. Kontrɔla kɔrɔw bɛ wotoroninw kan ka kɔn 2015 ɲɛ? Budget $320-450 wotoro kelen na walasa ka fɛnw sɛmɛntiya. O tobi ka don i ka fɛn caman tigɛli nimɔrɔw kɔnɔ.
Chargeur caman cili tɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ. Plomb-asidi chargeurw bɛ baara kɛ ni equalization cycles ye minnu bɛ litiyamu selilɛriw tobi. U ka voltage termination bɛ kalibre ka jugu fana. Litiyamu chargeur kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ni CC/CV profiles bɛnnenw bɛ $280-400 na 48V baarakɛcogo la.
Fɛn kelen min bɛ mɔgɔw bolo: 12V accessoires. Yeelenw, GPS-minɛnw, mankan-minɛnw. Wotoro caman bɛ tension (voltaji) gosi ka bɔ batiri juru la. A bɛ balanbaliya don litiyamu sigicogo la. DC-DC bεε bε bεn $45-80 ma, wa a bε i ka seliluw bali ka bεn ɲɔgɔn ma.
4×12V Labɛnni Gɛlɛya
An bɛ ɲininkali kɛ o ko la tuma bɛɛ. Batiri naani 12V minnu bɛ tugu ɲɔgɔn na, olu musaka ka dɔgɔn ka kɔn o ɲɛ ka tɛmɛ 48V pake kelen kan. $1600 ni $2000-2200 ye. Kɔrɔsili jɛlenw, tiɲɛ tɛ?
Ayi, 12V batiri kelen-kelen bɛɛ n’a ka BMS don. U tɛ kuma ɲɔgɔn fɛ. Doni kɔrɔ, kelen bɛ lakana danw gosi k’a sɔrɔ tɔw bɛ to ka kurunba gɛlɛya. Seriyali kafoda kari. Wotoro bɛ jɔ ka sa. Lakɔlɔsili tɛ, limp mode tɛ, a bɛ jɔ dɔrɔn.
Hali n’u ma dɛsɛ balawu la, u bɛ wuli. Kɔnɔna rezisti bɛ danfara kelen-kelen bɛɛ la. Sikili kɛmɛ damadɔ kɔfɛ, batiri kelen bɛ sigi 95% charge la ka sɔrɔ dɔ wɛrɛ bɛ 78% gosi. Charger bɛ aggregate voltage ye ani a bɛ dabila. Bugunw bɛ to balanbaliya la. Seko ni dɔnko bɛ dɔgɔya joona.
48V pake kelen ni BMS kelen bɛ gɛlɛya fila bɛɛ ban. Seli tan ni wɔɔrɔ, ɲɛnabɔli sira kelen, lakanani jɛlen. Dɔrɔmɛ 400-600 wɛrɛ bɛ cycle 4000 san i ye minnu bɛ se ka da i kan sanni ka 400-600 san minnu bɛ gɛlɛya lase i ma.
Deployment Case: Wotoro 165, Kuran saba
Karayibu lafiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ. 165 wotoroninw bɛ tɛmɛ sira saba kan. Yɔrɔba minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn kan, jamalajɛ siraba ka ca, wotoro minnu bɛ boli sanga 12-14 kɔnɔ don o don, waati min na mɔgɔw ka ca kosɛbɛ. U nana an fɛ san 2025 daminɛ na, u ka litiyɔmu feerela kɔrɔ y’u to u dulon kɔfɛ.
Kɔfɛko : pake 165, sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw, gɛlɛyaw bɛ daminɛ kalo tan ni kelen na. Kalo tan ni segin na, pake 34 tun sara. Garanti ɲininiw ye tile 47 ta ka kɛɲɛ ni u ka baara ye. Unit minnu bɛ bila u nɔ na, olu fana dɛsɛra o cogo kelen na.
An y’a daminɛ ni piloti dɔ ye. Pake tan ni fila bɛ u ka yɔrɔ la min ka gɛlɛn kosɛbɛ. Yɛlɛmaba min bɛ kɛ sanfɛyɔrɔ la, baarakɛcogo min ka bon kosɛbɛ. A bolila tile 90 kɔnɔ ka sɔrɔ k’a yɛrɛ bila baara dafalen na.
Laseli dafalen kɛra dakun saba la kalo wɔɔrɔ kɔnɔ. Wotoro bi wɔɔrɔ fɔlɔ, o kɔfɛ 55, o kɔfɛ 50 tɔw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan ka fara fɛnw kan.
Kalo tan ni naani kɔnɔ: zeru pake dɛsɛ minnu ka kan ka wuli. An tun ka kan ka BMS ka firimiwɛri kura dɔ gɛlɛya kalo saba kɔnɔ. Unit 8 ye danfara jira voltage reporting la kɔlɔsili kɛcogo kɔrɔ la. Remote update y’a labɛn sanga 24 kɔnɔ, wotoro si ma sama ka bɔ baara la. Seko ni dɔnko marali ye 97,3% ye kalo o kalo sɛgɛsɛgɛliw senfɛ. Ladonni baara jigira ka bɔ sanga 340 na kalo o kalo ka se sanga 20 ɲɔgɔn ma.
U ka ops ɲɛmɔgɔ ye nimɔrɔw boli. San o san bolomafara $89.000 ka kɛɲɛ n’u ka plɔmu-asidi basigilen kɔrɔ ye.
An bɛ se ka baro kɛ baarakɛcogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kan ani baarakɛcogo kɔlɔsili sariyaw kan ni sannikɛlaw ye minnu bɛ porozɛ suguya kelenw jateminɛ.
Sannifeere jateminɛni hukumu kɔnɔ
N’i bɛ ka fɛn dilanbagaw suma ɲɔgɔn na, o ɲininkaliw bɛ fɛn dilannikɛla juguw faranfasi ka bɔ jagokɛla ŋanaw la minnu bɛ fɛn dilannenw badge kokura.
Aw bɛ a daminɛ ni selilɛriw sɔrɔli ye. Seli dilabaga jumɛn bɛ i ka 48V gɔlf wotoro pakew di? Yala aw bɛ se ka sanni sɛbɛnw di minnu bɛ selilɛriw ka batch nimɔrɔw jira wa? Aw ka selilɛri dontaw sɛgɛsɛgɛli protocole ye mun ye?
BMS ka fɛnsɛbɛnniw bɛ ɛntɛrinɛti juguya jira. Aw ye ɲininkali kɛ jibɔ hakɛ la min bɛ to senna, jibɔ hakɛ min bɛ kɛ a kuncɛyɔrɔ la ni a kuntaala ye, balansi bɛ kɛ sisan ni fɛɛrɛ kan. Ɲininkali min bɛ jagokɛlaw ka tɔnw wuli : mun bɛ kɛ ni seli kelen sera tension dan na k’a sɔrɔ dɔw tora a dan na?
Jogoɲumanya siratigɛw nafa ka bon garanti dannaya la. Seereyaw jumɛnw bɛ tali kɛ pake dafalenw na, a tɛ tali kɛ seliw dɔrɔn na? Aw ka sɛnɛfɛnw dilanni nafama hakɛ ye mun ye nin fura suguya in na? I bɛ garanti ɲininiw ɲɛnabɔ cogo di baarakɛcogo la, ani i ka ɲɛnabɔli waati hakɛ danmadɔ ye mun ye?
Jago daɲɛw bɛ baarakɛcogo hakɛ jira. Sisan, waati min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin hakɛw ma minnu ka ca ni 50 ye? Marabolow ka fɛnmarataw walima izini fɛnw cicogo? Sɔngɔko dakunw 100, 250, ani 500+ unit layidu talenw na?
Fɛn dilanbaga minnu bɛ o ɲininkaliw jaabi ni kunnafoni kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye, olu bɛ fɛn dilanni juguya jira. Minnu bɛ jaabi caman bɔ ɲɔgɔn na walima ka jaabi suguya bɛɛ di, a ka c’a la, olu bɛ fura sɔrɔyɔrɔ la sanni u k’a dilan.
Baara kɛli ni Anw ye
An bɛ LiFePO4 pakew jɔ 24V ka se 80V ma. Jagokɛlaw ka mobili baarakɛcogo ye an ka baara koloma ye. Shenzhen sɛnɛfɛnw, 80+ jamanaw bɛ ci, marabolow ka fɛnmarayɔrɔw sugubaw kɔnɔ.
Fleet poroze minnu ka ca ni wotoro 20 ye, olu bɛ yɔrɔ jateminɛ sɔrɔ fu. An b’aw ka infrastructures lajɛ, aw bɛ baara kɛ ni aw ka wotoroninw ye cogo min na, aw ka dugukolo cogoya. I bɛ spec sɛbɛn sɔrɔ ni TCO projections ye ka da i ka baara yɛrɛ kan. Waati bolodalen k’a ta jateminɛ na ka se a bilali ma, o bɛ kɛ dɔgɔkun 8-14 kɔnɔ ka kɛɲɛ ni kurunba hakɛ ye.
Waati min bɛ kɛ 48V labɛncogo jɔnjɔnw na: dɔgɔkun 4-6 ka bɔ komandi dafalen na. Custom specs fara dɔgɔkun 2-3 kan.
Ka wele:
Email: sales@polinovelpowbat.com Bamako, Mali.
Telefɔni:+86 755-28906569
Site web:polinovelpowbat.com/ɲininkali kɛ
Q1 fleet program bɛ taa fo Marisikalo tile 31. Garanti waati janyalenw layidu minnu dafara ka kɔn o ɲɛ.
Fɛn ɲɛfɔlenw ni sɔngɔko bɛ san 2026 feburuyekalo cogoyaw jira. Aw ye kuma an ka ɛntɛrinɛti jɛkulu fɛ walasa ka fɛn dilannenw sɔrɔ sisan ani porozɛ-kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ka fɔtaw.
