Batiri litiyɔmu ion ka basigiw

Litiyɔmu ion batiriw tɛ fanga "bɛn" tiɲɛ na mɔgɔw fanba bɛ miiri o la cogo min na. U bɛ min kɛ, o ye ka kuran fanga mara ni kuran-sɛnɛko-walew ye minnu bɛ se ka wuli, o kɔfɛ k’a bɔ ni kɛnɛma-cirili bɛ kuran ɲini. O ko in ɲagami bɛ na kosɛbɛ dilancogo lajɛw la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la ni mɔgɔ dɔ b’a ɲini ka batiri bonya a siɲɛ fɔlɔ la.

Ko fila bɛ kɛ bɔli waati la. A fɔlɔ, litiyamu ionw bɛ bɔ elekitorode negetif (anode) la ka tɛmɛ elekitoroliti ni farankan fɛ ka taa elektrɔdi ɲuman na (katoliki). Filanan, ɛlektrɔni bɛ Bɔ kɛnɛma sɛrɛkili la ka Bɔ anɔdi la ka Taa katodi la, ka baara nafama Kɛ. Chargement (sara) waati la, i bɛ taabolo in kɔsegin ni external voltage (kɛnɛma-voliyɔn) dɔ kɛli ye min bɛ ionw ni elekitɔnw Wajibiya u ka Taa sira wɛrɛ fɛ.

Seli min bɛ bɔ, o bɛ bɔ i ka elekitorode fɛnw na ani u kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka kuran-sɛnɛfɛnw na. Seli kura sigilen bɛ tabali kan ni doni tɛ a la, o bɛna a ka da wulilen-circuit voltage-A ka c’a la 3,6 fo 3.7V lamini na litiyamu ion chimie fanba la, hali ni o hakɛ bɛ taa ka kɛɲɛ ni charge ni temperature cogoya ye. Ni i ye doni dɔ siri ɲɔgɔn na ka kuran bɔli daminɛ, tension bɛ jigin k’a sababu kɛ kɔnɔna rezisti ye. A bɛ jigin hakɛ min na, o bɛ caman fɔ i ye selilɛri ka kɛnɛya ko la.

Lithium Ion Battery Technology

Litiyɔmu ion selilɛriw bɛɛ ka baarakɛcogo jɔnjɔn ye kelen ye, nka u ka chimie bɛ danfara ka caya. Katodi fɛn bɛ selilabana ka baarakɛcogo ɲɛfɔ kosɛbɛ-Enerji density, fanga seko, cycle ɲɛnamaya, funteni sabatili, ani musaka.

Oksizɛni katodi minnu bɛ layɛrɛ la, olu de tun ye jagokɛlaw ka chimie fɔlɔ ye. Sony y’u jira ka segin san 1991 ni Licoo3 (Lithium Cobalt Oxide) ye, min bɛ kɛ hali bi fɛnw na minnu bɛ kɛ ka mɔgɔw dɛmɛ, fanga hakɛ nafa ka bon ni musaka walima lakana hakɛ ye. O seliluw bɛ pake 150-200 wh/kg ɲɔgɔn na selil ta fan fɛ. Cobalt ka sɔngɔ ka gɛlɛn hali ni o ye a sɔrɔ, ani a ka chimie bɛ sabati ka tɛmɛ 150℃kan . An ye thermal runaway daminɛ funteni hakɛ la min bɛ se degɛrɛ 130 ma seliw la minnu tɔɔrɔla.

Lakanali ɲuman ni musaka dɔgɔyali boli ye Limn24 (Lithium manganese oxide) sɔrɔ cɛmancɛ la-1990 waatiw la. Manganɛsi ye nɔgɔ ye min sɔngɔ man gɛlɛn ani spinɛli jɔcogo bɛ sabati a bangenen na. O seliw tɛna boli fo ka tɛmɛ degere 250 kan cogoya la. Jagokɛlaw ka baara? Kuwati hakɛ bɛ jigin ka se 100-120 wh/kg ma, manganɛsi bɛ wuli ka don elekitoroliti la waati kɔnɔ, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la funteni caman na. Cycle Life bɛ tɔɔrɔ-i bɛ ka 300-700 cycles lajɛ sanni seko ka jigin 80% duguma.

LifePo1 (Lithium nɛgɛ fositɛri) y’a jira san 2001 lamini na ani ka lakana baro caman Changé. Olivine structure ye fara-solid thermoly; Sumaya boli tɛ kɛ fo ka tɛmɛ degere 270 kan , wa hali o waati la a ka jugu kosɛbɛ. Sikili ɲɛnamaya ye ko ɲɛnama ye-2,000+ Sikiliw ka se 80% ma, o ye sariya ye, wa seli dɔw sɛgɛsɛgɛra ka tɛmɛ 5000 kan. A jigincogo ye tension ye : 3,2V tɔgɔla dɔrɔn, ani fanga hakɛ dan ye 90-120 wh/kg ye. Ani fana, fositɛri ka patenti cogoya tun bɛ ɲagami san caman kɔnɔ.

NMC (lithium nickel manganse cobalt oxide) ani NCA (lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide) bɔra kɛnɛ kan i n’a fɔ chimie "balanced". Ni nikɛri, manganɛsi ani kobalt ɲagamina ɲɔgɔn na ni hakɛ caman ye-common taw ye NMC 111, 532, 622, ani 811 ye minnu na jatedenw bɛ nɛgɛ hakɛ danfaralen jira-Aw bɛ se ka baara kɛcogo ladilan. Nikɛri hakɛ caman bɛ fanga hakɛ gɛlɛya ka taa fo 200-250 wh/kg nka a bɛ kɛ ni funteni sabatili ni cycle life musaka ye. NMC 811 seliluw bɛ se ka 250 wh/kg sɔrɔ nka u mago bɛ funteni furakɛli la kosɛbɛ.

Anode fan fɛ, grafite ye sariya ye kabini tile fɔlɔ. Teori seko ye 372 mAh/g ye, wa jagokɛlaw ka seliw bɛ se ka 340-360 mAh/g sɔrɔ a ka c’a la. Litiyɔmu bɛ grafɛnɛ layɛrɛw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ chargement waati la, ka grafite hakɛ bonya ni 10% ɲɔgɔn ye. O masin degun in bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka sekow dɔgɔya ka tɛmɛ wotoro kan.

Silicon anodes ye "koba nata" ye kabini san tan ni duuru ɲɔgɔn sisan. Silicon ka teori seko ye 4200 mAh/g-Graphite ka ca ni siɲɛ tan ye. Gɛlɛya ye, siliyɔmu bɛ bonya ni 300% ye ni a bɛ litiyamu minɛ. O bɛ anɔdi kari ka Bɔ ɲɔgɔn na siɲɛ damadɔ kɔfɛ. Sisan fɛɛrɛw bɛ baara kɛ ni silicon{{ Hali ni o ye, fɔlɔ-Sigida seko bɔnɛ min tɛ se ka wuli, o bɛ boli 15-25% silikɔn bɛ sɔrɔ anɔdiw la ka tɛmɛ 5-10% kan grafite saniyalen na.

Silindriw ye n’a sɔrɔ mɔgɔw fanba bɛ min jateminɛ n’u bɛ miiri ko “batiri”. 18650 cogoya (18mm diamètre, 65mm janya) kɛra yɔrɔ bɛɛ la ɔridinatɛri dilannikɛlaw kɔfɛ minnu bɛ sariya kɔnɔ a kan san 2000 daminɛ na. Tesla tɔgɔ bɔra kosɛbɛ ko a ye baara kɛ ni u ye ba caman na Roadster fɔlɔ la. 18650 seko bɛ 2000-3,500 mAh kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni chimie ye ani ni i bɛ se ka fanga sɔrɔ walima ni fanga ye.

21700 cogoya kura (21mm × 70mm) min Tesla ni Panasonic ye ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ, o bɛ fanga 50% ɲɔgɔn di selil-4.000-5.000 mAh kelen na sisan. A cɛmancɛ ka bon, o bɛ dɔ fara fɛn baarakɛtaw ni fɛnw hakɛ kan minnu tɛ baara kɛ (sisan, fɛnw lajɛbagaw, bidonw, lakana minɛnw), fanga hakɛ ɲɛtaa pake hakɛ la. Fɛn dilanni siraw tun ka kan ka labɛn kokura, o ye mun na denfaya ye waati dɔ ta.

Prismatic cellules bɔra mobili baarakɛlaw ka nege la ka yɔrɔ baaracogo ɲuman sɔrɔ. Sanni i ka kɛsu dɔ fa ni silindaw ye ani ka o yɔrɔ lankolon bɛɛ to yen, i bɛ seliw kɛ minnu bɛ kɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn dalajɛ ka ɲɛ. Automotive-Prismatic cellules bɛ bɔ 20Ah la ka se 100AH seko ma. U ka nɔgɔn ka funteni sɔrɔ-Manage ka bɔ pakew ta fan fɛ bawo i bɛ se ka nɛnɛbɔlanw bila k’u ɲɛsin fan fla ma. O kɔlɔlɔ ye ko i ye i ka kɔnɔw bɛɛ sɔrɔ basiw kɔnɔ minnu ka dɔgɔ-Ni prismatic cellule belebele kelen dɛsɛra, i bɛ se ka seko caman bɔ ka tɛmɛ ni silinda selilɛri fitinin kelen dɛsɛra.

Pouch cellules bɛ yɔrɔ nafama hakilina ta ka taa a fɛ ni nɛgɛ bɛ se ka ban pewu. Seli bɛ datugu aluminiyɔmu kɔnɔ min bɛ se ka wuli ka bɔ a nɔ na-Laminate pouch. O bɛ se ka 10-15% girinya ni prismatic can bɔ, wa a cogoya bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn o fɛn ye walima a bɛ se ka kɛ cogo o cogo, walima a bɛ se ka kɛ cogo o cogo. EV dilanbagaw ka di u ye bawo aw bɛ se k’u ta ka ɲɛ nɛnɛbɔlanw kɔnɔ. A barika dɔgɔyali ye masin ye : u mago bɛ kɛnɛma degun na walasa ka elekitorode delaminasiyɔn bali wotoro boli waati la, wa u bɛ se ka tiɲɛni kɛ ka caya.

Lithium Ion Battery Technology

Separatɛri tɛ jateminɛ caman sɔrɔ, nka a bɛ se ka fɔ ko a ye lakana yɔrɔ ye min nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ. O ye porose membrane finman ye (16{3}25 μm typically) min bɛ anɔdi ni katodi bali ka maga a la ka sɔrɔ ka litiyamu ionw bila ka tɛmɛ. Fɛn minnu bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan fɔlɔ, olu tun ye poliyetilɛni (PE) walima poliporopilini (PP) ye min bɛ kɛ siɲɛ kelen.

Modern High-Baarakɛcogo danfaralanw bɛ baara kɛ ni trilayer structures ye, a ka c’a la pp/PE/pp. PE layɛrɛ bɛ ni sɔgɔli yɔrɔ ye min ka dɔgɔn (degere 135 ) ka tɛmɛ pp kan (degere 165 ). Ni selilɛri bɛ daminɛ ka sumaya, PE bɛ wuli ka a fa, ka ionw tacogo datugu sani funteni ka se farati hakɛ ma. O bɛ Weele ko thermal shutdown, wa o ye i ka lafasali sira laban ye ka kɔn thermal runaway ɲɛ.

Seramiki-Dugukololafɛnw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, olu bɛ lakana sira wɛrɛ fara a kan. Alumina walima seramiki fɛn wɛrɛw dacogo finman (2{4}4 μm) min bɛ sɔrɔ danfaralan fan kelen walima a fila bɛɛ la, o bɛ sigicogo dafalen mara hali ni polimɛri bɛ wuli. O dacogo ye porose ye fo ioniki transport bɛ taa ɲɛ, nka a bɛ elekitorode bali ka bɔ suruku-circuiting hali ni funteni bɛ tɛmɛ degere 150 kan . Jiginni ye musaka-Sɛramɔn-Coated Separators bɛ boli 2-3× danfaralan jɔnjɔnw sɔngɔ-ani impedansi ka bon dɔɔnin.

Porosité (porosité) bɛ kɛ 40-50% ye. Too low ani ionic resistance bɛ wuli, ka dan sigi fanga seko la. fanga ka bon kojugu ani masin fanga bɛ tɔɔrɔ. Pore hakɛ jatebɔ fana nafa ka bon; Gurley nimɔrɔ (fiɲɛ doncogo sɛgɛsɛgɛli) ye spec standard ye. EV-grade separatɛri fanba bɛ sekɔndi 200-400/100cc laɲini.

Elektɔri min bɛ litiyɔmu ion selilɛri kɔnɔ, o ka gɛlɛn ka tɛmɛ i bɛ se ka miiri min na. Basi furakɛli ye litiyɔmu kɔgɔ ye min bɛ kɛ ni litiyamu ye-lipf₆ (lithium hexafluorophosphate) 95%+ kɔnɔ seliw kɔnɔ-Dissolved in a biological carbonates. Fura minnu bɛ kɛ ka caya, olu ye etilɛni karɔbɔni (EC), karɔbɔni dimetili (DMC), dietil karɔbɔni (DEC), ani etili metili karɔbɔni (EMC) ye.

A ka ca a la, lipf9 hakɛ bɛ se mɛtɛrɛ 1,0 fo 1,2 ma. A hakɛ caya bɛ ionw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw (conductivité ionique) ɲɛ fo ka se yɔrɔ dɔ ma, nka ka tɛmɛ mɛtɛrɛ 1,3 kan walima o ɲɔgɔnna, i bɛ kɔgɔ sɔrɔli daminɛ funteni dɔgɔyalen na. LIPF₆ bɛ ni koɲɛw ye-A ka ji bɛ bɔ-Sensitive ani a bɛ daminɛ ka tiɲɛ ka tɛmɛ degere 60 kan -nka alternatives i n'a fɔ libob walima lifsi ma a bɔ a nɔ na fɔlɔ ka da a kan musaka walima jagokɛcogo wɛrɛw.

Carbonate solvent blend bɛ labɛn ka ɲɛsin a kɛcogo ma. EC ka dielektriki basigilen ka bon ani SEI ɲuman-Fɛɛrɛbɔcogo, nka a bɛ nɛnɛ degere 36 la . Aw ka kan k’a fara ɲɔgɔn kan ni karɔbɔni ye min ka dɔgɔn-Viscosité i n’a fɔ DMC walima EMC walasa ka dɔgɔya-Semperature Performance. Furakɛcogo dɔ bɛ se ka kɛ EC:DMC 1:1 ye ni a hakɛ ye, walima EC:EMC 3:7. O hakɛ tigitigiw bɛ kɛ ni u yɛrɛ ta ye ani u bɛ kɔlɔsi kosɛbɛ.

Fàralenw ye yɔrɔ ye min na chimie lakika bɛ Kɛ. Bi elektrɔliw bɛ 2-5% sɔrɔ farankan suguya caman girinya kan minnu bɛ SEI sɛnɛcogo sɛmɛntiya, ka charge kojugu bali, ka gazi bɔli bali, walima ka sanfɛla{6}}funteni sabatili ɲɛ. Vinylene carbonate (VC) min bɛ 1-2% la, o bɛ se ka kɛ diɲɛ bɛɛ ta ye walasa ka SEI jogo ɲɛ graphite anodes kan. Fluoroéthylène carbonate (FEC) bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ anodi minnu bɛ sɔrɔ silikoni na. O fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bɛ dɔgɔya ka ɲɛ chargement fɔlɔw la, ka kɛ lakanalan ye anode kan min bɛ se ka kɛ ionically conductive nka électronique ye.

Overcharge protection additives i n’a fɔ biphenyl walima cyclohexylbenzene bɛ daminɛ ka polimerize 4.5V lamini na, ka kɔnɔna shunt dɔ da min bɛ tension bali ka yele ka taa a fɛ. O bɛ lakana dɔw di i ma ni BMS dɛsɛra, hali n’a jɛlen don k’i jigi da a kan, o tɛ dilancogo ɲuman ye.

N’a sɔrɔ SEI ye litiyɔmu ion batiri baarakɛcogo fan ye min ka dɔgɔ nka a nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ. Charging cycles fɔlɔw la, elekitoroliti yɔrɔw bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ni anode sanfɛla ye, ka kɛ passivation layer ye. O layini in nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ: a ka kan ka kɛ ionically conductive (walasa ka litiyɔmu ionw tɛmɛ) nka a ka kan ka kɛ ɛntɛrinɛti kan (walasa ka elekitoroliti tiɲɛni wɛrɛw bali). SEI danfara ye ɲagami ye-Kɔgɔw, fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw, ani polimɛriw bɛɛ ɲagaminen ɲɔgɔn na layini 10-100 nm janya la.

SEI dilancogo ɲuman ye danfara ye selilɛri min bɛ wuli siɲɛ 500 ani min bɛ wuli siɲɛ 3000. Gɛlɛya ye ko SEI tɛ jɔyɔrɔ kelen na. A bɛ kari hakɛ caman yeli la anɔdi la, ka yɔrɔ kura bɔ kɛnɛ kan min bɛ elekitoroliti ni litiyamu caman dun walasa ka tiɲɛniw dilan. O de y’a to seko bɛ ban wotoro boli kan hali n’i bɛ dususuma ni seli ye.

Foromasiyɔn cycling ye fɛn dilanni fɛɛrɛ kɔrɔlen ye. Bugunw bɛ charge slow kelen walima caman sɔrɔ-Discharge cycles at contrôlée températures walasa ka SEI fɔlɔ sigi sen kan. Foromasiyɔn protocoles ye propriété ye, nka typique first{3}}cycle chargement rates ye C/20 ka se C/10 ma, wa o kɛcogo bɛ se ka sanga 24-48 ta. Dilanbagaw bɛ formation voltage danw, funteni, lafiɲɛbɔ waatiw, ani cycling cogoyaw ɲɛnabɔ ka SEI sabatilenba sɔrɔ min bɛ se ka kɛ. Nin jugu in sɔrɔli bɛ musaka bɔ i ka cycle ɲɛnamaya la.

Kalandriya kɔrɔya-Ceapacity loss Hali ni seli sigilen bɛ yen dɔrɔn- ye SEI ko ye kosɛbɛ fana. SEI bɛ t’a fɛ ka bonya dɔɔnin dɔɔnin kafoda da wulilen na, ka litiyamu cyclable dun. marali ni charge (sara) ka bon ani ni funteni ka bon o bɛ o teliya. Kɔnɔnatumu min maralen bɛ 100% SOC ni 60 degɛrɛ la, o bɛ se ka 20% bɔ a la san kɔnɔ, ka sɔrɔ o selilɛri kelen in na 50% SOC ani 25℃bɛ se ka bɔnɛ 3% la.

Lithium ion cellules bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ ka tɛmɛ charge kan, ka tɛmɛ{0}}Discharge, ani chargement ni funteni bɛnbaliw ye. O de y’a to multi-cell batiri bɛɛ mago bɛ BMS (batiri ɲɛnabɔli sira) la.

Chargement standard ye current/constant voltage (CC-CV) ye. CC fasa waati la, i bɛ kuran don selilɛri kɔnɔ ni hakɛ latigɛlen ye-Typically 0.5C to 1C seli fanba la, hali ni dɔw ka ca-seliw bɛ se ka 3C walima ka tɛmɛ o kan. Voltage bɛ wuli ni selil bɛ charge. Ni voltage sera sanfɛla dan na (4.2V chimie fanba la, 3.65V LFP la, 4.3V walima 4.35V ka ɲɛsin high-energy NMC variants dɔw ma), i bɛ wuli ka CV mode kɛ. Sisan taperw bɛ bɔ ni seli bɛ gɛrɛ charge dafalen na, a ka c’a la, a bɛ tigɛ ni sisan bɛ jigin C/20 walima C/50 duguma.

Sara teliya ka gɛlɛn. Sara hakɛ caman bɛ litiyɔmu plati teliya anɔdi kan, o min ye farati ye-Metallic lithium ye fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ kosɛbɛ, wa a bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka kɔnɔna surunw walima dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔ min bɛ don danfaralan kɔnɔ. Walasa ka teliya-sara la lafiya la, i ka kan ka faamuyali sɔrɔ cogo min na tension, current ani temperature bɛ baara kɛ ni litiyɔmu plating daminɛ cogoyaw ye.

Ko min bɛ yen, o ye ko i tɛ se ka litiyɔmu plati suman ka ɲɛsin selilɛri datugulen ma. Aw ka kan k’a infer ka bɔ taamasiɲɛ wɛrɛw la. Fɛɛrɛ dɔ ye ka anɔdi seko ni litiyamu nɛgɛw lajɛcogo lajɛ. Ni anɔdi seko bɛ taa 0V duguma ni Li/Li⁺ ye, plating bɛ kɛ. Gɛlɛya ye, jagokɛla selilɛri fanba tɛ ni elekitorode ye min bɛ tali kɛ a la.

Funteni jiginni chargement teliya waati fana nafa ka bon. Seli min bɛ 2C la, o bɛ se k’a ye ko a kɔnɔna funteni wulila 15-20 degere sanfɛ hali ni nɛnɛ bɛ kɛ. Ni nɛnɛ bɛ kɛ, nin ye tiɲɛ na dɛmɛ ye-Nɛnɛ seli (a fɔ -10℃) fanga seko ka dɔgɔ kosɛbɛ, nka n’i bɛ se k’a sumaya ni chargement ye ni hakɛ danmadɔ ye (0,5C), baara kɛcogo bɛ ɲɛ. EV dɔw bɛ o kɛ tiɲɛ na k’a dabɔ a kama: nɛnɛ waati la, u bɛna charge pulse surun dɔ boli walasa ka batiri sumaya sanni sofa ka fanga caman ɲini teliya la.

Seli balannako ye wajibi ye bawo seliw minnu bɛ seri kɔnɔ, olu tɛ to ɲɔgɔn na abada. Fɛnw dilanni muɲuli, danfara misɛnninw yɛrɛ la-Discharge rates, ani thermo gradients pack kɔnɔ bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka tension drift. N’i ye seri sɛrɛ dɔ charge k’a sɔrɔ i ma balansi sɔrɔ, seli dɔw bɛ sanfɛla tension dan na dɔw ɲɛ. Kɔnɔnatumu barikamaw bɛ charge (sara) ka dɔgɔya, selilu barikamaw bɛ charge (sara) ka tɛmɛ, wa u ka baara bɛ tɔɔrɔ.

Balannako pasif bɛ baara kɛ ni resistɛriw ye walasa ka fanga bɔ fanga la ka bɔ sanfɛ{0}}voltage seliw la. A ka nɔgɔn ani a musaka ka dɔgɔ nka a bɛ fanga tiɲɛ i n’a fɔ funteni. Active Balancing bɛ baara kɛ ni DC-DC fɛn caman tigɛli ye walima kondensatɛriw ye walasa ka fanga bɔ seliw la minnu ka bon ka taa seliluw la minnu ka dɔgɔ. A bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ, a ka gɛlɛn, a sɔngɔ ka gɛlɛn. 400V EV pake kama, balannako pasif bɛ se ka 50-100W tiɲɛ ka taa a fɛ, o min tɛ jate ni bolifɛn fanga ye nka a bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan waati tɛmɛnen kɔ.

Lithium Ion Battery Technology

Funteni sɔrɔli litiyamu ion selilɛri la, o bɛ bɔ yɔrɔ saba la: funteni min tɛ se ka wuli (joule funteni ka bɔ kɔnɔna na), funteni min bɛ se ka segin (Elektrokimiki wale caman cili), ani funteni min bɛ bɔ kɛrɛfɛla walew la. Ni C-Taamasiɲɛw bɛ dɔgɔya fo ka se hakɛ danmadɔ ma, funteni min bɛ se ka wuli ka bɔ a nɔ na. ni C-Taama, funteni min tɛ se ka wuli, o bɛ fanga ta.

Funteni daɲɛ min bɛ Se ka Lasegin kɔ, o ka di bawo a bɛ taamaʃyɛn Yɛlɛma ka Da SOC kan. Litiyɔmu ion chimie fanba la, chargement bɛ funteni sɔrɔ SOC dɔgɔyalen na nka a bɛ funteni minɛ SOC sanfɛ. Discharging bɛ a kɔkanna de kɛ. Crossover point bɛ 50-60% SOC lamini na cogoya la. O de y’a to i bɛ se ka selilabana ye tiɲɛ na ka jigin chargement laban waati la ni current (kurun) ka dɔgɔ kosɛbɛ.

Kɔnɔna na, a bɛ danfara don ni funteni ye, SOC ani kɔrɔya. Ni degere 25 ye , seli 18650 kura bɛ se ka kɛ ni 40-60 mililiohms DC resistance ye. Ni -20℃ye , o bɛ se ka pan ka se milili 200-300 ma. O de y’a to nɛnɛ-waati EV hakɛ bɛ jigin kosɛbɛ. A tɛ kɛ dɔrɔn ko chimie bɛ teliya funteni dɔgɔyalen na, nka a kɔnɔna na, a bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka batiri fanga tiɲɛ ka tɛmɛ funteni kan i n’a fɔ funteni selilɛri kɔnɔ.

Thermal runaway threshold bɛ da chimie kan. NMC seliluw la, εgɔzotɛri tiɲɛni walew bɛ daminɛ degere 180-220 ɲɔgɔn na . Ni a daminɛna, funteni bɛ se ka wuli degere 10-50 na segin kɔnɔ, ka se degere 800 ma walima ka tɛmɛ o kan. LFP ka fisa kosɛbɛ; Funteni boli daminɛ ye 270 degɛrɛ + ye ani funteni hakɛ min bɛ Se ka Se o ma o ka dɔgɔn.

Banakisɛ minnu bɛ pake kɔnɔ, olu jɛnsɛnni ye farati yɛrɛ ye. Ni seli kelen donna thermal runaway kɔnɔ, a bɛ a sigiɲɔgɔnw sumaya. Ni a kɛrɛfɛ seliluw fana bɛ boli, o bɛ bɔ nɛnɛ seko la, seliw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, ani insulation. UL 9540A jɛnsɛnni sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ o ladege ni selilɛri kelen jagoyalen ye ka don funteni boliyɔrɔ la ani k’a kɔlɔsi ni seli kɛrɛfɛta bɛ tugu o kɔ. Pack design ɲuman bɛ sɔrɔ seli kelen walima a caya la modulu fitinin dɔ la.

Fɔɔnɔ fɛɛrɛw tɛ kelen ye. Fiɲɛ nɛnɛ ka nɔgɔn-Fiɲɛ fiɲɛ bɛ bɔ seliw walima pakew kan. A bɛ baara kɛ OK la ka ɲɛsin fanga dɔgɔyali baarakɛcogo ma i n’a fɔ PHEVw walima fanga marayɔrɔw. Ji nɛnɛ ka kan ka kɛ walasa ka se ka caya-Performance EVS. A dilanni fanba bɛ ji 50:50 kɛ{{ a ka c' a la , dondaw funteni bɛ mara ka se degere 20-35 ma . Batiri pake funteni jiginniw ka kan ka to degere 5 duguma ka se min ma walasa u kana kɔrɔya teliya la seliw la minnu ka timi.

Kɔrɔbɔli kɛcogo dɔw bɛ baara kɛ ni nɛnɛmafɛnw nɛnɛni ye, ka nɛnɛ nɛnɛ dielektriki ji la, walima fasa{0}}Yɛlɛmafɛnw. Fɔɔnɔ nɛnɛ bɛ se ka funteni caman sama ka bɔ nka a bɛ AC sitɛmu gɛlɛnba de wajibiya. Ni aw bɛ nɛnɛ nɛnɛ hakɛ caman sɔrɔ (500-2.000 W/m2k ni 50-150 W/m2k ka nɛnɛ jilama indirect) nka dasiri ni ji bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma, o ye gɛlɛyaw ye. PCMw bɛ baara kɛ cogo la min tɛ kɛ ka ɲɛ nka u ka kan ka ban funteni maralen laban na, o la u bɛ dɛmɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la nɛnɛ waati tɛmɛnen na chargement teliya waati walima teliya gɛlɛn waati.

Seko dɔgɔyali ani impedansi bonya ye tiɲɛni fɛɛrɛba fila ye. U bɛ sɔrɔ farikolo ni kemikɛli taabolo damadɔw fɛ minnu bɛ kɛ waati kelen na.

Anɔdi fan fɛ, SEI falen bɛ litiyamu ni ɛlektroliti min bɛ se ka wuli, o dun, o bɛ dɔ fara a ka se ka a yɛrɛ tanga. Graphite exfoliation bɛ se ka kɛ ni selilɛri chargera funteni dɔgɔman na-lithium plates graphite surface kan sanni ka intercalate kɛ, ani ni a labanna ka intercalate, a bɛ graphite structure kari ka bɔ ɲɔgɔn na. A ka c’a la, o tɛ se ka wuli ka bɔ a nɔ na. Binder tiɲɛni funteni jiginni na, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka kuran ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ fɛnɲɛnamaw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ.

Katodi tiɲɛni bɛ kɛ ni nɛgɛ tigɛli ye (kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la manganɛsi LMO walima manganɛsi la-NMC bɛ min na), fɛnw jɔcogo caman yeli ka bɔ litiyamu doncogo/bɔli segin-segin na, ani dugukolo sanfɛla labɛnni kura la -nickel katodiw la. Tɛmɛsira nɛgɛ minnu bɛ wuli, olu bɛ taa anɔdi la yɔrɔ min na u bɛ SEI bonya katalizi kɛ, o la, katodi tiɲɛni bɛ anɔdi tiɲɛni teliya cogo la min tɛ ɲɛ.

Elektɔli tiɲɛni ni gazi bɔli ye gɛlɛyabaw ye ni tension caman bɛ yen ani funteni caman na. Gazi minnu bɛ sɔrɔ tuma caman na, olu ye CO2, CO ani hidrɔkarɔbɔni suguya caman ye ka bɔ karɔbɔni tiɲɛni na. Pouch cellules kɔnɔ, aw bɛna a ye ko pouch fununen don. Silinda walima prismatiki seliluw la minnu ka bana ka gɛlɛn, degun bɛ bonya fo lakana fiɲɛbɔlan ka da (a ka ca a la 10-15 bar).

Litiyɔmu jatebɔ bɔnɛ ye fade fɛɛrɛba ye. Tuma o tuma ni SEI bɛ falen walima ni litiyɔmu platiw ye anodi kan cogo la min tɛ se ka segin kɔ, litiyɔmu dɔw bɛ bɔ litiyɔmu cyclable pool kɔnɔ. A laban na i bɛ ban ka se ka se ka jigin.

Dɛsɛ barikamaw bɛ se ka sɔrɔ kɔnɔna surukuw fɛ. Suruku fanba bɛ daminɛ ka dɔgɔn-Nɔgɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan fitinin dɔ bɛ separatɛri sɔgɔ, walima litiyamu dendɛrɛti bɛ bonya ka tɛmɛ. Kuru in bɛ yɔrɔ funteni dɔ Dabɔ, o bɛ tiɲɛni teliya sigida la, o min bɛ surunya juguya, wa i bɛ hakilina ɲuman sɔrɔ jaabi-yɔrɔ la. Tuma dɔw la, seli yɛrɛ de bɛ-Kɛnɛya ni a surunyalen bɛ da wuli. Tuma wɛrɛw la a bɛ taa ɲɛ ka se thermal runaway ma.

Nail penetration tests (ka nɛgɛ nɛgɛ waajibiya ka tɛmɛ selilɛri chargement fɛ) ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye min bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni sariya ye. LFP selilɛriw ka teli ka don thermal runaway la ka bɔ wuluw doncogo la. NMC selilɛriw ka teli ka kɛ, hali ni dilanw ni u faralen don ɲɔgɔn kan ka ɲɛ ani fanga kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw bɛ se ka tɛmɛ tuma dɔw la.

Jaa 5 Jatedenw ka seko marali ni cycle number ye chimie caman na cycling moderate (1C charge/discharge, 25℃, 100% DOD).

Aw tɛ se ka fanga hakɛ jateminɛ ka ɲɛsin litiyɔmu ion selilɛri ma. Aw ka kan k’a jateminɛ ka bɔ sumanikɛlan wɛrɛw la: tension, current ani température.

SOC jateminɛ fɛɛrɛ nɔgɔman ye voltage-based ye. Simi kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ ni da wulilen ye-circuit voltage ni SOC curve. Aw bɛ tension suman selilɛri lafiɲɛbɔlen kɔfɛ waati dɔ kɔnɔ (walasa ka tension transient jigin ka bɔ kɔnɔna resistance decay la), aw k’a lajɛ sanfɛ OCV curve kan, ani aw bɛ SOC dɔn. Gɛlɛya ye, i man teli ka waati sɔrɔ seli la ka lafiɲɛ baara lakikaw la.

Kulob jatebɔ ye fɛɛrɛ ye min bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni sariya ye. I bɛ sisan don waati kɔnɔ walasa ka charge don ani ka bɔ. N’i y’a daminɛ SOC dɔnta dɔ la, i bɛ se ka SOC kura jate waati o waati. Tiɲɛni bɛ bɔ i ka sisan sensɛri la (±0,5% ye cogoya ye) ani ka seko lakika dɔn. Misaliw bɛ lajɛ waati kɔnɔ, o la i ka kan ka segin-ka-bɔ waati ni waati ni i ye charge walima discharge cycle dafalen kɛ.

Model-Fɛɛrɛ minnu sinsinnen bɛ, olu bɛ baara kɛ ni selilɛri ka ciriw modɛli ye min bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma walima selilɛri ka modɛli elektrɔniki. I bɛ terminal voltage ni current suman, ka u boli i ka model fɛ, ka kɔnɔna cogoyaw bɔ SOC fana sen bɛ o la. Kalman filɛri janyalenw walima o ɲɔgɔnna jamana kɔlɔsibagaw ka ca. O fɛɛrɛw bɛ se ka kɛ tiɲɛ ye kosɛbɛ (±2% SOC fili) nka u bɛ misali ɲumanw ni jatebɔ nafolo nafamaw de wajibiya.

SOH jateminɛ ka gɛlɛn bawo i b’a ɲini ka tiɲɛni hakɛ jateminɛ, o min bɛ kɛ dɔɔnin dɔɔnin ani ka dɔɔnin dɔɔnin. Seko bɛ dɔgɔya ani impedansi bonya tɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ni ɲɔgɔn ye walima ni cycle jate ye. Seli min teliyara-sara caman bɛ se ka kɛ ni impedansi ka bon nka seko damadɔ dɔrɔn de bɛ se ka fa. Seli min maralen bɛ SOC/funteni caman na, o bɛ se ka kɛ ni seko dɔgɔyaliba ye nka impedansi bonya ka dɔgɔ.

Industriw ka baarakɛcogo ye ka SOH ɲɛfɔ ka da seko kan: seli min bɛ 80% a seko fɔlɔ la o bɛ 80% SOH la, wa o bɛ jate laban-ni{3}}Life for EV baarakɛcogo ye. Seli bɛ baara la hali bi, nka range jigira 20%. Ka ɲɛsin fanga maracogo ma, seliw bɛ se ka kɛ ka jigin ka se 60-70% SOH ma.

BMS dɔw bɛ seko ni dɔnko sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ waati ni waati-Batiri bɛ bɔ ka ɲɛ ni hakɛ dɔgɔman ye ani ka fanga hakɛ min bɛ bɔ, o suman. O ye tiɲɛ ye nka a bɛ don a kɔnɔ (batiri tɛ sɔrɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛli senfɛ) wa a bɛ lɛrɛ caman ta. Fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw b’a ɲini ka seko ni dɔnko jateminɛ cogo la min tɛ ɲɛ ka bɔ voltage curves, impedance measurements, walima coulombic efficiency la.

Kɔnɔnatumuw bɛ se ka suman ni sisan wulikan ye ani ka tension jaabi suman, walima ka AC taamasiɲɛ fitinin dɔ pikiri kɛ ni frequences suguya caman ye (Electrochimique impedance spectroscopie). EIS bɛ kunnafoni caman di nka a bɛ fɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw de wajibiya minnu man teli ka sɔrɔ jago BMSw kɔnɔ.

Lithium Ion Battery Technology

Ni EV batiri sera a laban na-of-Life (a ka c’a la 70-80% seko fɔlɔ la), a bɛ baara kɛ cogo dafalen na hali bi baarakɛminɛnw na minnu tɛ fɛn caman ɲini. Batiri min bɛ ɲɛnamaya filanan na, o bɛ ka fanga sɔrɔ fanga marali la.

Sɔrɔko ye namara ye. I ka kan ka lafiɲɛbɔ pake kɔrɔbɔ, ka se k’a labɛn kokura (BMw, nɛnɛbɔlan, walima modulu tiɲɛnenw), k’a seereya kɛ baarakɛminɛn kura in na, ani ka garanti di. O bɛɛ bɛ wari bɔ. Walasa ka filanan-ɲɛnamaya kɛ walasa ka hakilina sɔrɔ, pake min labɛnna kokura, o ka kan ka musaka dɔgɔya kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ pake kura kan min dabɔra baara jɔlen kama. Musakaw bɛ tiɲɛ hali ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛ kɛ ka dɔgɔn ni 40-50% ye pake kura musaka la, ka kɛɲɛ ni i dalen bɛ min ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli la.

Sɛgɛsɛgɛli minnu bɛ kɛ seliw la minnu bɛ lafiɲɛbɔ la, olu tɛ-Bamako ye. Module dɔ bɛ se ka kɛ seli kɛmɛ caman ye seri kɔnɔ-parallel. Aw tɛ se k’u kɔrɔbɔ nɔgɔya la. Aw bɛ se ka modulu kɔrɔbɔ i n’a fɔ unit, nka selilɛri jugu kelen bɛ se ka masike a yɛrɛ la. Degradation modes dɔw dɔnni ka gɛlɛn k’a sɔrɔ u ma tiɲɛni kɛ. Jalaki ɲininkali fana bɛ yen: Ni segin{7}}Life batiri ye tasuma minɛ, jɔn de bɛ o kun na?

Segin-ka-bɔ ye laban laban ye--{1}}Ɲɛnamaya sira. Sisan-Scale Recycling bɛ baara kɛ ni pyrometallurgy (smelting) walima hydrometallurgy (sɔgɔmadafura) ye. Pyrometallurgy ka nɔgɔn nka a tɛ ɲɛnatɔmɔ-Aw bɛ nɛgɛ ɲagaminenw sɔrɔ minnu mago bɛ refining wɛrɛ la. Hydrometallurgy bɛ se ka nɛgɛ kelen-kelen bɛɛ sɔrɔ saniya ka bon nka a bɛ taabolo caman de wajibiya ani ka kemikɛlifɛnw tiɲɛ.

Recyclage ka sɔrɔko bɛ bɔ nɛgɛ sɔngɔw la kosɛbɛ. Kobalt nafa ka bon (a ka ca a la $30-40/kg tariku la, hali ni sɔngɔw bɛ wuli kosɛbɛ), o la kobalt seginni-rich chemisries bɛ se ka kɛ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la. Nikɛri nafa ka bon ka segin a cogo kɔrɔ la. Manganɛsi, nɛgɛ, ani aluminiyɔmu ka dɔgɔ-Nafa nɛgɛw, o la, fɛnw lasegincogo bɛ kɛ sababu ye kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la walasa u kana bɔ binkɛnɛw kɔnɔ. Litiyɔmu nafa ka bon-a nafa tɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la kilogaramu kelen na, nka fɛnw sɔrɔli gɛlɛyaw bɛ kɛnɛya sɔrɔli kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ mɔgɔ ɲɛnajɛ.

Direct recycling-Batiri ni katodi walima anɔdi fɛn kura bɔli ɲɔgɔn na k’a sɔrɔ a ma a tiɲɛ ka kɛ nɛgɛ kɔgɔw ye-ye ɲinini yɔrɔ funteniman ye. Ni i tun bɛ se ka katodi mugu sɔrɔ a cogo la, i tun bɛ katodi sɛnɛni fanga ni a musaka mara. Gɛlɛyaw ye fɛn baarakɛtaw ni sisan fɛnw dalajɛbagaw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, ani ka ɲɛsin a ma ko fɛn minnu bɛ segin ka kɛ fɛn wɛrɛw ye, olu ye seliluw ɲagaminen ye minnu bɛ bɔ dilanbagaw, sanw ani simi suguya wɛrɛw la.