Dendrite formation ye mun ye?

Dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔli bɛ jiri ka bonya ɲɛfɔ-i n’a fɔ kristalɛ jɔcogo minnu bɛ yiriwa kuran-sɛnɛ waatiw la batiriw ni sigida wɛrɛw la. Nin pikirijikɛlan-Nɛgɛdaga minnu bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ ion, olu bɛ sɔrɔ ni ionw bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ cogo bɛnbali la elekitorozɛni yɔrɔw kan chargement ni discharge cycles (sarali ni bɔli) waatiw la.

O ko in bɛ kɛ batiri suguya wɛrɛw la nka a bɛ gɛlɛyabaw lase kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la san 2019 kɔnɔ.Batiri minnu bɛ litiyɔmu ., yɔrɔ min na dendrite bɛ se ka pierce ka tɛmɛn separators ani ka kɔnɔna surukuw daminɛ. O jɔli ninnu bɛ yiriwa mun na ani cogo min na, o faamuyali kɛra ko kɔrɔba ye, bawo fanga maracogo bɛ gɛlɛya ka taa seko caman na ani chargement (sarali) hakɛ teliya la.

Dendrite bɛ Sɔrɔ ni elekitorodeposition (elektrodeposition) kɛcogo ye min bɛ Labɛn ni thermodynamique (fɔɔnɔ) ni kinetic factors (jirisunw) ye. Ni batiri bɛ charge (sara), nɛgɛ ionw bɛ tɛmɛ elekitoroliti fɛ ka taa anɔdi fan fɛ. Ni ko ɲumanw kɛra, o ionw tun bɛna u bila cogo kelen na elekitorode sanfɛ. Nka, fɛn damadɔw bɛ o deposition kelen in tiɲɛ.

Surface irregularities (Sɔrɔbaliya) bɛ kuran foro hakɛ sɔrɔ yɔrɔ la. O forow bonyalen ninnu bɛ ion caman sama ka taa yɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na sanni u k’u jɛnsɛn cogo kelen na. Ni fɛn dɔ bɔra dɔɔnin, a bɛ kɛ yɛrɛ ye-Amplifying-Sɔrɔdasi min bɛ ka bonya, o kun bɛ kuran foro barikamaw sɔrɔ ka tɛmɛ yɔrɔ fla kan, ka bonya wɛrɛ teliya o sira fɛ.

Taabolo bɛ fanga sɔrɔ sisan densitɛriw la minnu ka bon. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli minnu kɛra Maryland Iniwɛrisite la ni ɲɛkisɛw ye minnu bɛ ye kɛnɛ kan, olu y’a jira ko ni sisan densités sanfɛ 87 mA/cm2, dendrite morphologie jiginna ka bɔ mossy structures flat la ka taa sharp needle-like formations. Waati min bɛ Taa kɔnɔna na, o Dɔgɔyara ka Kɛɲɛ ni kuran hakɛ caya ye, ka jigin ka Bɔ lɛrɛ damadɔ la 10 mA/cm2 la ka Taa miniti 30 ɲɔgɔn na 110 mA/cm2 la.

Funteni jɔyɔrɔ ye fila ye dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔli la. Funteni dɔgɔyali bɛ ion jɛnsɛnni sumaya, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka concentration gradients (hakɛ jiginni) kɛ elekitorode sanfɛla kɛrɛfɛ. O b’a To ionw bɛ Se ka Dòn ‘sènw na minnu bɛ yen sanni ka nucleation (nucleation) yɔrɔ kura Sɔrɔ. O kɔ fɛ, elekitorolite solide interphase (SEI) layɛrɛ min bɛ Sɔrɔ funteni dɔgɔman na, o bɛ teli ka gɛlɛya ani ka sabati kosɛbɛ, o bɛ Kɛ sababu ye ka deposition (dadoncogo) cogoyaw Kɛ minnu tɛ kelen ye.

Dendrite Formation

Batiri litiyamu bɛ dendɛrɛsi gɛlɛya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw sɔrɔ ka da litiyamu ka se ka baara kɛ kosɛbɛ ani a ka se ka kɛ ni kuran ye. Ni litiyɔmu ionw bɛ kɛ anɔdi kan chargement waati la, u ka kan ka don graphite structure kɔnɔ cogo ɲuman na. O nɔ na, ion tɛmɛnenw minnu tɛ se ka minɛ joona, olu bɛ dalajɛ a sanfɛla la i n’a fɔ nɛgɛ litiyɔmu.

SEI layini bɛ nɔ bila o wale in na kosɛbɛ. Nin filimu min bɛ mɔgɔ tanga, o bɛ kɛ a yɛrɛ la ni elekitoroliti bɛ a kɛ ni litiyamu anɔdi ye. SEI kelen, dense bɛ hali litiyɔmu deposition ɲɛminɛ. Nka, SEI bɛ to ka kari ani ka bεnkanw sɔrɔ charge-discharge cycles waati la k’a sababu kɛ hakɛ yeli ye elekitorode kɔnɔ. Kariyɔrɔ kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ Kɛ dendɛrɛsi nukili-yɔrɔ ye min bɛ Se ka Kɛ.

Sɛgɛsɛgɛli minnu bɔra sigida fɛnw na san 2024, olu ye fɛɛrɛ fila danfaralenw jira dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔli la solid-state lithium batiriw la ni Li2LA₃ZR₂o₁3 (LLZO) elektrɔli ye. Fɛɛrɛ fɔlɔ bɛ tali kɛ non-Uniform lithium plating la elekitorode la-Electrolyte interfaces. Filanan bɛ sɔrɔ sigida LI⁺ dɔgɔyali fɛ suman dancɛw la elekitoroliti solide yɛrɛ kɔnɔ. O dakun fila ninnu cɛ, ɲininikɛlaw ye waati dɔ ye min bɛ cɛmancɛ la, dendɛrɛw falenni bɛ jɔ sani u ka daminɛ kokura.

A daminɛcogo bɛ danfara Bɔ a jɛnsɛnni na. Kalan minnu bɔra Oxford Iniwɛrisite la, olu y’a jira ko dendɛrɛli daminɛni solid-state batiriw la, o bɛ daminɛ ni litiyamu donna dugujukɔrɔyɔrɔw la ni mikrokarakiw ye minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn cɛ. Ni nin pores ninnu bɛ fa, chargement continue bɛ degun bila ka da lithium extrusion slow kan ka segin sanfɛ. O degun laban bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka kari. Ni a karilen don, a jɛnsɛnni bɛ kɛ wedge da wulilen fɛ-ni litiyɔmu bɛ kari boli ka bɔ kɔfɛ sanni ka bɔ a kun na.

Sisan density thresholds bɛ danfara Bɔ ni elekitoroliti suguya ye. Elekɔtɔli jilama sariyalenw bɛ dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔli jira cogoya la 0,2-2,0 mA/cm2 kan, ka sɔrɔ elekitoroliti solide bɛ se ka sisan hakɛ caman muɲu sani a ka dɛsɛ. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli minnu kɛra Oxford Iniwɛrisite la, olu y’a jira ko argyrodite (Li₆PS₅Cl) solide elektrɔli min bɛ bɔ 83% na ka se 99% ma, o ye dɔ fara sisan hakɛ kɔrɔlen kan ka bɔ 2 mA/cm2 duguma ka se 9 mA/cm2 ma ni dendɛrɛli tɛ.

Dendrite bɛ batiriw tiɲɛ ni dɛsɛcogo caman ye. A ka jugu kosɛbɛ ni dendɛrɛni bɛ bonya pewu danfaralan fɛ, ka dan sigi anɔdi ni katodi cɛ. Nin kɔnɔna-kurunba in bɛ so funteni-yɔrɔ-ko Kɛ, o bɛ Se ka Kɛ sababu ye ka funteni-boli-kurun-A yɛrɛ-{3}}Quaceration reaction min bɛ Se ka Kɛ tasuma walima binkanni ye.

Sani a ka se balawu jugu ma, dendrites bɛ baarakɛcogo tiɲɛ dɔɔnin dɔɔnin. Dendrite kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ litiyɔmu reactive reactive (litiyamu) kura jira ka taa elektrɔli la. O bɛ SEI sɔrɔli basigilen bila sen kan, ka litiyɔmu ni elekitoroliti fila bɛɛ dun. Sikili minnu bɛ tugu ɲɔgɔn na, o paraziti wale in bɛ dɔ bɔ seko la min bɛ sɔrɔ ani ka dɔ fara kɔnɔnatumuw kan.

Dendrite fana bɛ "Dead Lithium"-Namalan-yɔrɔw la minnu bɛ bɔ kuran na, minnu tɛ u sen don kuran-sɛnɛfɛnw na tugun. Ni dendɛrɛw karilen don ka da masinw ka degun walima elekitoroliti sɔgɔli kan, u bɛ o fɛn minnu tɛ baara kɛ, olu to u kɔfɛ. Litiyɔmu salen bɛ seko bɔnɛ banbali jira, bawo a tɛ se ka sɔrɔ wotoro la cogo bɛnnen na.

Yɛlɛma minnu bɛ sɔrɔ litiyɔmu plati ni u bɔli la, olu bɛ o gɛlɛyaw juguya. Lithium nɛgɛ bɛ 100% hakɛ caman ɲɔgɔnna caman ɲɔgɔnna caman ɲɔgɔnna a ka nɛgɛ ni ion cogoyaw cɛ. O farali ni a jiginni bɛ SEI layini degun ani a bɛ se ka farikolo-ɲɛnajɛ-yɔrɔ tiɲɛ, ka sira wɛrɛw Dabɔ dendɛrɛti doncogo la.

Seko dɔgɔyali hakɛ minnu bɛ sɔrɔ nɛgɛmafɛnw na minnu tɛ lakana, olu bɛ se ka se 1-2% ma cycle kelen na ni dendɛrɛw bɛ kɛ baara la. O bɛ danfaraba don ni kɔlɔn-Engineered litiyɔmu-ion seliluw ye ni grafite anodes ye, minnu ka teli ka 0,1% dɔrɔn seko bɔ cycle kelen na walima a dɔgɔyalen.

Sisan density (dansi) bɛ Bɔ i n’a fɔ factor (dafalen) min bɛ dendɛrɛsiw jɔli hakɛw Kɔrɔsi. Charging currents caman bɛ ion caman wajibiya ka deposit kɛ waati dɔɔnin kɔnɔ, ka elekitorode ka se ka u ladon cogo kelen na. Jɛɲɔgɔnya tɛ linear-A bɛ i n’a fɔ a bɛ dan na min jukɔrɔ dendɛrɛw falen bɛ to min ka dɔgɔ, nka a sanfɛ a bɛ teliya kosɛbɛ.

Elektɔriti kɛcogo bɛ nɔba bila dendrite sɔrɔli la. Kɔgɔ hakɛ bɛ nɔ bila ion tacogo hakɛw la ani kuran foro kelen na elekitorode kɛrɛfɛ. Kɔgɔ hakɛ dɔgɔmanw bɛ dɔgɔya yɔrɔw dilan yɔrɔ minnu na ionw ka sɔrɔ tɛ se ka deposition ɲinini dafa, ka dendɛrɛsi bonya sabati. A hakɛ caman bɛ se ka kɛ kelen ye ka ɲɛ nka a bɛ se ka dɔ bɔ ionw ka baarakɛcogo la walima ka dɔ fara a ka sɔgɔli kan.

Elektɔriti faralenw bɛ sira kelen di ka ɲɛsin suppression ma. Misali la, karɔbɔni fluoroéthylène (FEC), misali la, a bɛ dɔ bɔ litiyɔmu sanfɛla la ka kɛ LIF-rich sei layɛrɛw ye. O layiniw bɛ masin fanga bonya jira ani ka ɛntɛrinɛti bolicogo dɔgɔya ni i y’a suma ni SEI yɔrɔw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni sariya ye, o bɛ dɛmɛ ka deposition (dadoncogo) cogoya kelenw mara.

Surface defects ani roughness bɛ dendrite caman daminɛ. Hali nanoscale irregularities concentre kuran forow bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka deposition preferentiel daminɛ. Fɛn dilanni taabolo minnu bɛ elekitorode surfaces (elektrɔdiw) nɔgɔlenw Bɔ o cogo la ka dendɛrɛsi nucleation (nucleation) yɔrɔw Dɔgɔya. O cogo kelen na, nɔgɔw walima fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw minnu bɛ don elekitorode sanfɛla la, olu bɛ se ka kɛ nukili yɔrɔw ye minnu tɛ kelen ye.

Funteni-yɔrɔw bɛ Kɛ seli kɔnɔ bɛ farikolo-ɲɛnajɛ-ko-kinetikiw Dabɔ yɔrɔko siratigɛ la. Yɔrɔ minnu ka suma, olu bɛ ion ta ni u bilali teliya la, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka sigida dendɛrɛsi-yɔrɔbaw dilan hali ni kuran hakɛ bɛɛ lajɛlen bɛ to danma. Batiriw ɲɛnabɔcogo minnu bɛ funteni tilacogo kelen sɔrɔ, olu bɛ dɛmɛ ka o nɔ in nɔgɔya.

Charge (sara) cogoya ni batiri bɛ lafiɲɛbɔ, o fana bɛ nɔ bila dendrite (Drite) bonya la. Kɔnɔnatumuw minɛni ni wulikanba ye waati jan kɔnɔ, o bɛ dendɛrɛti sɔrɔli sabati, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la nɛgɛ fositɛri litiyɔmu (LifePo1) selilɛriw la. O b’a ɲɛfɔ mun na float chargement fɛɛrɛw jiginna ka taa voltage setpoints dɔgɔyalenw na ni i y’a suma ni walew ye minnu bɔra san tan tɛmɛnenw na.

Laadalata dendɛrɛli sɔrɔli bɛ da post-Mortem sɛgɛsɛgɛli kan-Kisiliw minnu ma ɲɛ ani ka elekitorode yɔrɔw sɛgɛsɛgɛ ni ɛlektrɔniki mikroskɔpi ye min bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛ. Hali ni kunnafoni bɛ sɔrɔ, o fɛɛrɛ in tɛ se ka dɛsɛw bali walima ka dendɛrɛli jiginni nɔfɛ waati yɛrɛ la.

Fɛɛrɛ kɔrɔlenw kɛcogo fɛɛrɛw bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye sisan ka operando kɔlɔsili kɛ. Sɛgɛsɛgɛlikɛlaw minnu bɛ baarada caman na, olu ye fɛɛrɛw labɛn ni elekitoroliti jɛlenw ye walima ni selilɛri kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw dilanni ye. Maryland Iniwɛrisite ye ɲɛnayeli-seliw da yɔrɔ min na, elekitorode fila bɛɛ bɛ kɛ ni litiyamu nɛgɛ ye, o bɛ sira di dendɛrɛsi falenni ma ka ɲɛ finɛtiri jɛlen fɛ chargement waati la.

X-Ray Computed tomography (XCT) bɛ dendɛrɛti jɔcogo jateminɛ saba-Dandrite structures kɔnɔ seliw kɔnɔ minnu ma tiɲɛ. Synchrotron X-Ray Facilities bɛ ɲɛfɔli bɛrɛ di walasa ka dendɛrɛsiw jɔcogo lajɛ mikroskala la batiri baara waati yɛrɛ la. Kɔsa in na, baara minnu bɔra Nature kɔnɔ, olu ye Operando XCT kɛ walasa ka litiyɔmu don seramiki elekitorolitiw la, ka faraw falencogo ni litiyamu jɛnsɛnni sinsinni jira.

Electrochimique impedance spectroscopie (EIS) bɛ fɛɛrɛ dɔ di min tɛ ɲɛ nka a tɛ{0}}tiɲɛni dɔncogo ye. Ni dendɛrɛw bɛ ka bonya, u bɛ elekitorode ka yɔrɔ nafama ni a ka se ka fɛn caman Changer. O bεε bε Yεlεma i n’a fɔ bεnkanw impedansi sεbεncogo la. Ɲininikalaw ye skanɛriw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kɛcogo ladilan walasa ka dugukolo sanfɛla gɛlɛya sɛgɛsɛgɛli kariti kɛ EIS sumanikɛlanw fɛ, ka lasɔmini kɛ joona dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔli kan k’a sɔrɔ a ma selilɛri da wuli.

Nukilila magɛnni rezɔn (NMR) spektroskopi ni ja lajɛ bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka kemikoro kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la. Tracer-Exchange NMR bɛ se ka danfara don lithium plating ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ ni electrolyte bulk dɔgɔyali ye. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) bɛ Dendrite yɔrɔ tilacogo ni a bonya hakɛw lajɛ, ka ɲininikɛlaw dɛmɛ u k’a faamu cogo min na selilɛri yɔrɔw danfaralenw bɛ dendɛrɛw labɛn waatiw la minnu tɛ kelen ye.

Fibre optique sensorw bɛ fɛɛrɛ dɔ jira min bɛ ka bɔ kɛnɛ kan. Tilted fiber bragg grating (TFBG) sensor minnu bɛ don elekitorode sanfɛlaw kɛrɛfɛ, olu bɛ mass transport changes ani dendrite bonya sɔrɔ nanoscale interfaces la k’a sɔrɔ u ma batiri baara tiɲɛ. Resonances optiques ultrasensitives bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka lithium deposition kinetics ni dendɛrɛsi sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ tiɲɛ na- waati la.

Dendrite Formation

Fɛɛrɛ caman bɛ dendɛrɛsi kunbɛnni laɲini, tuma caman na, u bɛ baara kɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ ni u farala ɲɔgɔn kan. Fɛɛrɛ kelen si ma dendɛrɛti ban fɔlɔ baarakɛcogo bɛɛ la, nka fɛɛrɛ caman bɛ sisan density threshold critique kɔrɔta kosɛbɛ.

Elektɔri solidew daminɛ na, a tun bɛ iko layidu talen don ko farikolo barikalanw bɛ dendritew kɛlɛ. Nka, ɲininiw y’a jira ko dendɛrɛw fana bɛ don fɛn gɛlɛnw na, ka falen sumanw dancɛw walima kariw fɛ. Nafa min bɛ sɔrɔ elekitoroliti gɛlɛnw na, o tɛ bana kunbɛnni dafalen na, nka a bɛ kɛ ni masin degunw ye minnu ka bon sani dendɛrɛti ka don. Ni aw ye elekitoroliti solide ka density ni suman jɔcogo ɲuman sɔrɔ, o bɛ se ka dɔ fara a ka se ka doncogo kan kosɛbɛ.

Saba-Elektrode suguya caman bɛ sigida ka sisan density distribution Changer. Sanni a ka bila yɔrɔ la min ka surun, Litiyɔmu bɛ 3D jatigila fɛn dɔ porose fa. O bɛ dɔ fara dugukolo yɔrɔ nafama kan ka bɔ 5,2 × 10⁻3 m2/g la litiyamu foil kan ka se m2,6 m2/g ma ka tɛmɛ jiribuluw kan. Yɔrɔ min bɛ caya, o bɛ dɔ bɔ sigida ka sisan density (dansi) la ka kɛɲɛ ni a hakɛ ye, k’a to dendɛrɛsi nucleation (nucleation) dakun jukɔrɔ. Ni litiyofili fɛnw bɛ fara nin fɛn ninnu kan, o bɛ nukilila yɔrɔw labɛn minnu bɛ ɲɛnatɔmɔ, minnu bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka fɛnw bila u cogo kelen na, minnu tɛ{9}}dendritiki ye.

Sei layɛrɛ artifisiyali minnu bɛ kɛ ka kɔn cycle fɔlɔ ɲɛ, olu bɛ se ka pre-Empt min bɛ sɔrɔ non-Uniform natural SEI la. Fɛn suguya caman ye layidu jira, i n’a fɔ LIF-rich coatings, polymer layers, ani composite organique-filimu fɛnɲɛnamaw. SEI artificiel ideal bɛ ion conductivity caman, electronic conductivity dɔgɔya, ani masin fanga fara ɲɔgɔn kan min bɛ se ka dendɛrɛti doncogo bali ka sɔrɔ ka flexing kɛ volume changement waati la.

Electrolyte engineering bɛ dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔli ɲɛnabɔ ka bɔ solution fan fɛ. High-Concentration electrolytes (dɔw b’a fɔ ko "Solvent-in-Salt" sitɛmuw) bɛ dɔ bɔ fulwɛti mɔlikuluw sɔrɔli la, ka solvation structure Changer litiyɔmu ionw lamini na. O bεε bεε bε Se ka bεnkansεbεn kelen caman Kε. Iyɔni jilama elektrɔliw bɛ non-Flammability di ka fara interfacial properties différents kan minnu bɛ se ka dendrites bali, hali n’u ka typically higence viscosity poses poses.

Kɔsa in na, chargement protocoles pulsed bɔra kɔsa in na i n’a fɔ intervention (dɛmɛ) min bɛ se ka kɛ kabako ye. Sanni u ka kɛ ni kuran ye min bɛ kɛ tuma bɛɛ, protocoles pulsed bɛ ɲɔgɔn falen falen chargement waatiw ni lafiɲɛ waatiw cɛ. Lafiɲɛbɔ waati la, fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bɛ lafiya ani dendɛrɛti tipiw bɛ se ka segin u yɔrɔ dɔ la ka segin ka kɛ furaji ye. Sɛgɛsɛgɛliw y’a jira ko MHz-Frequency pulsed currents ye dɔ fara current density kɔrɔlen kan ni factor wɔɔrɔ ye-ka bɔ 1 mA/cm2 ɲɔgɔn na ka se 6.5 mA/cm2 ma-in solide-state batiriw.

Degun application bɛ fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛ di masinw ma. Ka fanga degunlen kɛ min bɛ bɛn ni elekitorode plan ye, o bɛ dendɛrɛsi bonya sira bali. MIT ɲininikɛlaw y’a jira k’u bɛ se ka dendɛrɛw falenni manipule ni degun ye ani ka degun bila, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka dendɛrɛw kɛ zigzag la ka kɛɲɛ ni fanga siratigɛ ye. Hali ni degun tɛ dendɛrɛsi bɔli ban, o b’u bali ka tɛmɛ elekitorodew ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ.

Tɛmɛsira ka taa solid-State batiriw la, o yɔrɔ dɔ la, jigiyaw de ye Dendɛrɛti gɛlɛya ɲɛnabɔ. Jigiya minnu bɛ sɔrɔ joona, n’u y’a miiri ko seramiki elekitoroliti gɛlɛnw bɛna dendɛrɛti doncogo bali farikolo la. Tiɲɛni kɛra fɛn ye min ka gɛlɛn kosɛbɛ.

Elektɔli solide bɛ dɛsɛ ni masin kari ye sanni a ka a to dendritew ka se ka don dɔrɔn. Taabolo bɛ daminɛ ni fiɲɛw ye-Pores, suman dancɛw, walima dugukolo kan fɛnw tiɲɛni. Litiyɔmu bɛ don o fiɲɛw kɔnɔ, ani ni litiyamu bɛ dalajɛ ka caya, masinw ka degun bɛ jɔ fo seramiki kari. Ni kari dɔ daminɛna, litiyamu bɛ jɛnsɛn a fɛ wedge-da wulilen fɛɛrɛ fɛ min dɔnna Oxford ɲininikɛlaw fɛ.

Elektɔriti fɛn gɛlɛn suguya wɛrɛw bɛ dendɛrɛsi-karili min bɛ sɔrɔ, o bɛ se ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ cogo caman na. Garnet-Elektroliti suguya minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ LLZ, olu bɛ layidu jira k’a sababu kɛ u ka ionw ka baarakɛcogo ɲuman ye, nka u ka elekitoronikiw ka baarakɛcogo bɛ dɛmɛ don dendrite sɔrɔli la. Electronic conductivity bɛ sira Di elekitɔnw ma u ka Se dendɛrɛti tipiw ma, o bɛ litiyɔmu deposition (litiyamu) sabatili To sen na. Nin ɛntɛrinɛti kanko in dɔgɔyali, hali ni a bɛ ionw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw caman mara, o bɛ dɛmɛ ka dendritew bali.

Sulfide-Elektrolisi solide basigilenw i n’a fɔ Li₆PS 1 Cl (argyrodite) bɛ kɛcogo wɛrɛw jira. U ka nɔgɔn masin na ka tɛmɛ ɔkisizɛni seramiki kan, o bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka dendritew falen ni plastiki sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye sanni ka kɛ kari ye. Nka, densification bɛ baara kɛcogo ɲɛ kosɛbɛ-Argyrodite density caya la ka se 99% ma, o bɛ se ka dendrite-Free operation kɛ sisan densités la minnu bɛnnen don teliya la- kuran mɔbiliw la.

Interface engineering lithium metal anodes ni solid electrolytes bɛ dɛsɛ cogo wɛrɛ ɲɛnabɔ. Jɛɲɔgɔnya jugu bɛ sisan dantigɛliw Dabɔ yɔrɔ minnu na sigida sisan density (dansi) bɛ tɛmɛ diɲɛ kɔnɔ hakɛ danmadɔ kan. O sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛw bɛ Kɛ dendɛrɛli daminɛyɔrɔw ye. Ni an ye interlayers-filimu thin of polymer, métal alloys, walima composite matériaux-Aw ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ani ka current tilatila ka ɲɛ.

Critical current density (CCD) min bɛ kɛ dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔli la solid-state batiriw kɔnɔ, o ka kan ka tɛmɛ 5 mA/cm2 kan kuran mɔbili baarakɛcogo ɲuman kama. Elektɔli solitɛw fanba bɛ dɔgɔya nin laɲini in na cogoya jɔnjɔnw na, o de la ɲininibaw kɛra fɛɛrɛw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan ni densification, pressure, pulsed chargement, ani interface modification ye.

Hali ni litiyamu batiriw bɛ dendɛrɛsi ɲininiw de kan, o gɛlɛya kelenw de bɛ sigida wɛrɛw la. Zɛnki nɛgɛ batiriw bɛ zinki dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔ, hali ni a cogoya tɛ kelen ye. Zɛnki dendritew bɛ ye cogoya la i n’a fɔ mɔsi-i n’a fɔ walima wuluwuluw sanni ka kɛ furakisɛ nɛrɛmugumaw ye, o bɛ zinki ka kuran-sɛnɛcogo danfaralenw jira.

Batiri minnu bɛ kɛ ni zinki ye, dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔli bɛ bɔ kosɛbɛ elekitoroliti pH ni zinkati hakɛ la. Zinkati hakɛ caman minnu bɛ tɛmɛ 0,4 m kan KOH elektrɔliw la, olu bɛ dendɛrɛti falenni dɔgɔya, nka elekitoroliti minnu bɛ yaala-yaala, olu ka teli ka dɔ fara idɔrɔzi jiginni kan. Elektɔli solide interphase min bɛ zinc kan, o bɛ kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ye minnu tɛ kelen ye ka tɛmɛ lithium-sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ zinki ni zinki hydroxyde{-ni masinw ni ionw tacogo danfaralenw kan.

Sodium metal anodes bɛ dendɛrɛsi kɛcogo jira i n’a fɔ litiyamu, hali ni dendrite caman bɛ bonya dɔɔni dɔɔni ka da sodiyɔmu ka baarakɛcogo dɔgɔyali kan. Magnesium métal, min tun bɛ se ka dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔ siɲɛ kelen, a jirala kɔsa in na ko a bɛ dendritew dilan cogo dɔw la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la ni sisan densités sanfɛ 0,2-0,3 mA/cm2 ka kɛɲɛ ni elekitoroliti ye.

Hali siliyɔmu anɔdiw litiyamu kɔrɔlen na-ion batiriw bɛ se ka litiyɔmu dendɛrɛti sɔrɔli sɔrɔ. Chargement (sara) waati la, siliyɔmu bɛ bonya ni 300% ɲɔgɔn ye, ka SEI layɛrɛ kari. O kariw sababu fɛ, litiyamu ionw bɛ se ka dɔgɔya ka kɛ nɛgɛ litiyɔmu dendrite nɛgɛma ye sanni u ka kɛ siliyɔmu ye i n’a fɔ a laɲininen don cogo min na. O fɛɛrɛ in bɛ dɛsɛ cogoya ɲɔgɔnna dɔ jira min bɛ volume expansion ni electrochimique deposition fara ɲɔgɔn kan.

Jɛɲɔgɔnya min bɛ nin sigida ninnu bɛɛ kɔnɔ, o b’a jira ko diɲɛ bɛɛ ka sariyakolow bɛ dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔli ɲɛminɛ. Sisan density, surface hétérogène, ani interfacial layers ka nafaw bɛ Bɔ i n’a fɔ controlling factors hali ni nɛgɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen simi bɛ Kɛ. Bana kunbɛncogo fɛɛrɛw minnu labɛnna sigida kelen kama, olu ka teli ka fɛn wɛrɛw bila, ni fɛn wɛrɛw ye, ka taa mɔgɔ wɛrɛw ma.

Kɔsa in na, ɲɛtaa damadɔ ye faamuyali caman sɔrɔ dendɛrɛw sɔrɔli kan. Daminɛ ni jɛnsɛnni fɛɛrɛw danfaralenw dɔnni solid-jamana batiriw la, o tun bɛ paradigme shift (paradigme) caman sɛgɛsɛgɛli jira. Misali fɔlɔw ye taabolo kelen ta min bɛ taa ɲɛ, nka k’a dɔn ko ninnu ye dakun danfaralenw ye, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka fɛɛrɛw laɲinitaw kɛ dakun kelen-kelen bɛɛ la.

Dendɛrɛsi jɔcogo amorf ni kristalɛ kristalɛ jɔyɔrɔ ye jateminɛ sɔrɔ. NMR ka sɛgɛsɛgɛliw kɛra kɔsa in na, olu y’a jira ko dendɛrɛw bɛ kɛ fɔlɔ i n’a fɔ amorofɔriw minnu bɛ kɛ kɔfɛ kristalize ye. Elektɔli solide ni batiri baarakɛcogo nafama ka chimie chimie bɛ balansi jira nin fɛɛrɛ fila ninnu cɛ. Nin sɔrɔ in bɛ seko da mɔgɔw ɲɛ na walasa ka cogoyaw labɛn minnu bɛ fɛn dɔw fɛ minnu bɛ se ka wuli ka bɔ u nɔ na, ka tɛmɛ dendrite kristalɛ banbaliw kan.

Sisan, masinw ka kalan misaliw bɛ dendɛrɛsi falencogo fɔ ni tiɲɛni ye min bɛ ka caya. Ni farikolo paramɛtiri caman don a kɔnɔ-K si hakɛ, funteni, elekitoroliti hakɛ, dugukolo sanfɛla cogoya-Ka ɲɛsin sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ rezow ma minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ, ɲininikɛlaw bɛ se ka kirayakuma ɲumanw sɔrɔ ka tɛmɛ laadala fizikikow kan- modɛliw basigilenw dɔrɔn. O baarakɛminɛnw bɛ teliya ka Windows ni fɛnw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan minnu bɛ baara kɛ, olu dɔnni teliya.

Protéines molecules (poroteyini mɔlikuluw) bɔra i n’a fɔ dendɛrɛti sumayalan min ma labɛn fɔlɔ nka a bɛ se ka kɛ. Protéines dɔw, ni u farala elektrɔliw kan, u bɛ u yɛrɛ minɛ litiyɔmu nɛgɛw kan, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la dendɛrɛti kunw na. Yɛlɛma minnu bɛ kɛ ka bɔ -Helix la ka taa -Sɛbɛnw sigicogo la, o poroteyini bɛ sigida kuran foro tilatilali sɛmɛntiya, ka deposition kelen sabati. Nin bio-hakilinata in ye cycle life ani coulombic ka baarakɛcogo ɲuman sɔrɔ laboratuwari sɛgɛsɛgɛliw la.

thermodynamique framework min bɛ dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔli faamuya, o kɔgɔra. Sisan, ɲininikɛlaw y’a Dɔn ko fanga-dafalen-minɛnw bɛɛ jɔyɔrɔ ka bon kosɛbɛ funteni ni thermodynamique fanga-dafalenw na walasa k’a Dɔn ni litiyɔmu bɛ Dòn cogo kelen na walima n’a bɛ dendɛrɛw Kɛ. Nin faamuyali in bɛ fɛɛrɛw ɲɛminɛ walasa ka nin paramɛtɛrɛw sɛmɛntiya ni fɛnw dilanni n’u baarakɛcogo ye.

Dendrite Formation

Hali ni ɲɛtaa, dendɛrɛsi- batiriw minnu bɛ se ka baara kɛ, olu bɛ to ka gɛlɛya. Danfara min bɛ laboratuwari jirali ni masala bɔli cɛ, o bɛ tali kɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛcogo la ka sɔrɔ ka jogoɲini mara. Nafa kelen min bɛ sɔrɔ elekitoroliti gɛlɛn walima elekitorode sanfɛla la, o bɛ se ka dendrite nucleaire (nucleate dendrites) kɛ, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka fɛn dilanni tigitigi kɛ ko gɛlɛn ye.

Muɲu jateminɛw bɛ nɔ bila fɛɛrɛ minnu bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn dilanni na. Dendrite suppression fɛɛrɛ minnu bɛ nɔ bɔ kosɛbɛ-i n’a fɔ precision-Engineered 3D electrode structures walima High{4}}Elektroliti solide solide ({4}}) dɔw bɛ se ka dɔ fara fɛn dilanni musakaw kan kosɛbɛ. Ka baara kɛcogo ɲɛtaa sabati sɔrɔko siratigɛ la, o bɛ ɲini ka ɲɛtaa sɔrɔ ka taa a fɛ.

Long-Term cycling sabatili mago bɛ ɲɛtaa wɛrɛw la. Bana kunbɛnni fɛɛrɛ caman bɛ dendritew bali ka se ka cycle kɛmɛ caman kɛ, nka kuran mɔbili batiriw ka kan ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli ba caman muɲu san tan kɔnɔ. Dendɛrɛsi falenni hakɛ misɛnni minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ u tɛ se ka kɛ 500 ɲɔgɔnna ye, olu bɛ se ka kɛ gɛlɛya ye 3000 kɔnɔ. Faamuyali ni a balili jan-Term tiɲɛni fɛɛrɛw bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛcogo janyalenw ɲini.

Chargement teliya bɛ to ka gɛlɛya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la. Mobili baarakɛcogo bɛ ka caya ka taa a fɛ miniti 15 walima hali miniti 5 chargement waatiw la, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye sisan ka 10-20 mA/cm2 walima ka tɛmɛ o kan. Dendɛrɛsi kunbɛnni fɛɛrɛ damadɔ minnu bɛ sen na sisan, olu bɛ nafa sɔrɔ nin hakɛ jugumanba ninnu na. Ka se ka chargement teliyalen ni cycle longue fila bɛɛ sɔrɔ waati kelen na, o bɛ dankan ɲinini kuntilenna jira.

Intégration ni batiri wajibiyalen wɛrɛw bɛ dilancogo gɛlɛya. Fɛɛrɛ minnu bɛ dendritew bali, olu bɛ se ka fanga hakɛ dɔgɔya, ka dɔ fara impedansi kan, walima ka dɔgɔya dɔgɔya-Semperature performance. Batiri dilanni ka kan ka ɲɛ ka tɛmɛ caman kan waati caman-Kɛlɛ kuntilenna, ka dendɛrɛti kunbɛncogo kɛ puzzle gɛlɛn dɔ ye.

Kɔrɔbɔli ni kunnafoni dicogo sariyatigɛ tun bɛna ɲɛtaa teliya. Ɲininikalan kulu danfaralenw bɛ baara kɛ ni dendɛrɛw jɔcogo ɲɛfɔli caman ye, seliw cogoya danfaralenw, ani ɲɛtaa sɔrɔcogo danfaralenw. Ka bɛnkansɛbɛnw sigi senkan minnu bɛ kɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ, o tun bɛna kɛ sababu ye ka sɔrɔw suma ɲɔgɔn na cogo tilennen na ani ka fɛɛrɛ layidu talenw dɔn joona.

Dendɛrɛsi jɔli waatiw bɛ danfaraba don ni baarakɛcogo ye. Ni a ka dɔgɔn sisan 0,5 mA/cm2 lamini na, dendrite nucleation fɔlɔ bɛ se ka sanga kɛmɛ caman ta. Ni sisan densités (dantigɛli) ka ca minnu bɛ tɛmɛ 10 mA/cm2 kan, dendrites bɛ se ka sɔrɔ ka kurukuruw sɔrɔ miniti damadɔ kɔnɔ. Funteni, elekitoroliti danfara, ani elekitorode sanfɛla cogoya bɛɛ bɛ nɔ bila o waatiw la. Mɔgɔ minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛnw ye, olu fanba bɛ baara kɛ cogoyaw la, dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔli, n’a bɛ kɛ, a bɛ yiriwa dɔɔnin dɔɔnin charge cycle tan ni caman walima kɛmɛ caman kan sanni ka kɛ cycle kelen kɔnɔ.

Yɔrɔ dɔw kɔsegincogo bɛ se ka kɛ cogo dɔw la. Discharge walima lafiɲɛ waatiw la, dendɛrɛsi kunw bɛ se ka segin ka don elekitoroliti kɔnɔ, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la n’u ma siri fɔlɔ elekitorode la siraw fɛ minnu bɛ se ka kɛ. Nin yɛrɛ-Kɛnɛya kɛcogo b’a ɲɛfɔ mun na pulsed chargement protocols bɛ nafa sɔrɔ-Lafiɲɛbɔ waatiw bɛ a to dendɛrɛ daminɛbagaw ka wuli. Nka, ni dendritew bɛ kɛ kristalɛ jɔcogo caman ye walima ka kɛ kuran ye i n’a fɔ litiyamu salen, kɔsegin bɛ kɛ ko ye min tɛ se ka kɛ. Bana kunbɛnni bɛ to ka ɲɛ ka tɛmɛ furakɛli kan.

A man kan ka kɛ. Litiyɔmu-Ion batiriw minnu bɛ kɛ ni grafite anɔdiw ye, olu man teli ka dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔ baarakɛcogo la min bɛ kɛ cogo la min bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛ barisa litiyamu bɛ don grafite kɔnɔ sanni ka kɛ nɛgɛ ye i n’a fɔ nɛgɛ. Dendɛrɛsi gɛlɛyaw bɛ nɔ bila fɔlɔ litiyamu nɛgɛ anɔsiw la minnu bɛ kɛ batiri nataw la{3}}generation batiriw la. Hali ni litiyɔmu nɛgɛ anɔdiw, u dilanni ɲuman ani u baaracogo ɲuman jukɔrɔ sisan density thresholds critiques bɛ se ka dendrite-Free operation mara waati dafalen na. Jogoɲumanya kɛlɛli ni a tɔɲɔli kunbɛnni nafa ka bon ka tɛmɛ a danma kan, min tɛ se ka bali.

Dendɛrɛsi sɔrɔli bɛ ko gɛlɛn dɔ jira min bɛ kɛ ni kuran ye ani min bɛ kɛ ni masin ye, o bɛ kɔlɔsi ni sisan density, temperature, interfacial properties ani material defects ye. Hali ni a daminɛ na, a bɛ miiri ko a bɛ se ka bali ni elektrɔli gɛlɛnw ye, dendɛrɛw bɛ sɔrɔ daminɛ ni jɛnsɛnni fɛɛrɛw danfaralenw fɛ minnu bɛ fɛɛrɛw laɲinitaw wajibiya dakun kelen-kelen bɛɛ la. Fɛɛrɛ caman-Elektrode 3D architectures, sei layers artificielles, electrolyte engineering, ani chargement protocoles pulsed-Layidu jira ka ɲɛsin sisan density thresholds kɔrɔlenw kɔrɔtaliko ma. Jago sira min bɛ taa sanfɛ-Energy batiriw la, o bɛ bɔ nin fɛɛrɛ ninnu faralen ɲɔgɔn kan ka sɔrɔ ka fɛnw dilanni ni musaka-nafa sɔrɔ. Kɔsa in na, ɲɛtaa minnu kɛra jogoɲini fɛɛrɛw la, jatebɔcogo misali la, ani faamuyali fɛɛrɛw la, olu bɛ ka taa a fɛ ka yiriwali ɲɛminɛ ka ɲɛsin Dendɛrɛsi- batiriw ma minnu bɛ se ka mobili ni grid maracogo ɲini.