Litiyɔmu titanate ye mun ye?

Litiyɔmu titanati ye ɔkisizɛni ɲagaminen ye min bɛ litiyamu, titaniyɔmu ani oksizɛni fara ɲɔgɔn kan, a ka ca a la, a bɛ sɔrɔ lisi 2ti 12 na ni spinɛli kristalɛ jɔcogo ye. Nin seramiki fɛn in bɛ kɛ fɔlɔ i n’a fɔ anɔdi fɛn ye litiyamu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen-ion batiriw kɔnɔ, a bɛ lakana ni wotoro ɲɛnamaya danfaralen di hali ni fanga hakɛ dɔgɔyara ni a bɛ tali kɛ grafite anɔdi kɔrɔlenw na.

Litiyɔmu titanate bɛ sɔrɔ kemikɛli suguya caman na, nka spinɛli suguya Li8O₁₂ bɛ batiriw ka baarakɛcogo la. O fɛnɲɛnamafagalan in bɛ ni lattice cubic cubic saba ye min kɔnɔ litiyamu ionw bɛ tetarasidan 8A yɔrɔw minɛ, ka sɔrɔ titanium ionw bɛ octahedral 16D yɔrɔw fa oksizɛni karamɔgɔya kɔnɔ. Nin labɛn in bɛ ɲininikɛlaw wele ko "zero-Strain" sigicogo-Lattice bɛ sɔrɔ hakɛ yeli la min ka dɔgɔ ni 1% hakɛ yeli ye charge ni discharge cycles waati la.

Spinɛli jɔcogo bɛ a to litiyamu ionw ka tɛmɛ kristalɛ fɛ ni u bɛ wuli tetarasikili ni octahedral yɔrɔw cɛ. Lithiation waati la, o fɛn bɛ wuli ka bɔ li4ti 100 na ka kɛ li2o₅O₁₂ ye, ka litiyɔmu ion saba wɛrɛw ta formula kelen na. O doncogo bɛ kɛ 1,55V ɲɔgɔn na ni litiyamu nɛgɛ ye, o ka ca kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ 0,1V kan min bɛ sɔrɔ grafite anɔdiw la.

Litiyɔmu titanati suguya wɛrɛw ye litiyɔmu metatitani (li2tio₃) ye, mugu finman min ka nɔgɔ bɛ tɛmɛ degere 1533 kan min bɛ kɛ seramiki ni nukiliya la, ani ramsdellite lithium titanate (Li2ti₃O₇), o ye layidu jira batiri kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ɲinini na. A suguya kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ titanium-ka{4}}lithium hakɛw ni kristalɛ labɛncogo wɛrɛw jira, o bɛ na ni farikolo ni kuran-sɛnɛcogo danfaralenw ye.

Lithium Titanate

Ni a kɛra batiri anɔdi ye, litiyɔmu titanate bɛ baara kɛ cogo basigilen na ka tɛmɛ grafite kɔrɔlen kan. O fɛn tɛ Kɛ 'elektrɔli-yɔrɔ (SEI) 'kɔnɔ 'yɔrɔ ye 'sènfɛ-sira fɔlɔw la bari a ka baarakɛ-minɛn 1,55V bɛ Sìgi 'elektɔ-kimikali sabatili-yɔrɔ la 'elektɔriti fanba la. Graphite anodes standards bɛ baara kɛ 0V kɛrɛfɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni litiyɔmu ye, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka elekitoroliti tiɲɛni kɛ min bɛ kɛ SEI layɛrɛ ye min bɛ mɔgɔ tanga nka a bɛ se ka a yɛrɛ tanga.

chargement waati la, litiyɔmu ionw bɛ bɔ katodi la ka tɛmɛ elektrɔli fɛ ka don litiyɔmu titanate anode jɔcogo la. Nanokirisitalini suguya min bɛ kɛ Li4ti 100 ye, o bɛ mɛtɛrɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen 100 ɲɔgɔn di garamu kelen kɔnɔ-A ka ca ni grafite ta ye siɲɛ 30. This expanded surface area enables electrons to enter and exit rapidly, supporting fast charging rates.

O jaabi min bɛ se ka wuli, o bɛ tugu o kɔ: li8 3 + 3Li⁺ + 3E⁻ ↔ Li₇TI₅O₁₂. Teori seko bɛ se 175 mAh/g ma, hali ni waleyali waleyali bɛ se 150-170 mAh/g ma. Hali ni grafite bɛ se ka teori seko caman di 372 mAh/g la, litiyɔmu titanate bɛ musaka kɛ ka tɛmɛn hakɛ setigiya ni ɲɛnamaya jan kan.

Titaniyɔmu ɔkisidi ka se ka kɛ ni grafite ye ni a bɛ tali kɛ a la, o bɛ nafa sɔrɔ a la min bɛ sɔrɔ a la. Lithium dendrites-Needle-i n’a fɔ nɛgɛdaga minnu bɛ se ka batiri faranfasilenw sɔgɔ ani ka kɛ sababu ye ka kurukuruw sɔrɔ-A man teli ka kɛ litiyɔmu titanate yɔrɔw kan. O lakana hakɛ bɛ jira ko a nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ-K si bɛ baara kɛ yɔrɔ minnu na, anodi kɔrɔlenw bɛ farati la funteni boli la yɔrɔ minnu na.

Lithium titanate batiriw bɛ cycle ɲɛnamaya jira min bɛ lithium-ion chimie wɛrɛw dɔgɔya. Jagokɛlaw ka seliw bɛ to ka 10.000 fo 30.000 dafalen charge-Discharge cycles sɔrɔ sanni seko ka tiɲɛ ka se 80% ma fɔlɔ la. Toshiba ka san 2024 fɛnw b’a fɔ ko 45.000 cycles ni 10c hakɛ ye u ka high-Power SCIB cellules. Ni an y’a suma, litiyɔmu-ion batiriw bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛnw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka caya, a ka c’a la, olu bɛ mɛn 2000-3000 sɛgɛsɛgɛli la.

O ɲɛnamaya jan bɛ bɔ zeru-Strain sigicogo la. Graphite anodes bɛ bonya 10% ɲɔgɔn na lithiation waati la, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka masinw degun min bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw fara ɲɔgɔn kan ani ka seko tiɲɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli segin-seginw kan. Lithium titanate ka hakɛ caman yeli hakɛ fitinin bɛ sigicogo dafalen mara hali ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli ba caman kɛra.

Chargement rapide bɛ jogo wɛrɛ jira min bɛ ɲɛfɔli kɛ. Lithium titanate batiriw bɛ se ka charge ka bɔ 0% ka se 80% ma 6-10 miniti kɔnɔ ni tiɲɛniba tɛ. 2011 Chongqing kuran bisiw ka kurunba ye o seko in jira waleyali la-37 mɛtɛrɛ tan ni fila bisiw minnu bɛ ni 80 kWh litiyɔmu titanate sitɛmuw ye minnu falen don kosɛbɛ miniti 10 kɔnɔ ni 400 kW chargeur ye. Toshiba ka fanga camanba labanw bɛ 80% sara miniti 1 dɔrɔn kɔnɔ ni 48C hakɛ ye.

Funteni baara bɛ litiyɔmu titanate ni fura wɛrɛw danfara bɔ ɲɔgɔn na. O batiriw bɛ baara kɛ ni dannaya ye ka bɔ degere -40 na ka se degere 60 ma ni fanga bɔnɛ tɛ u la min bɛ kɛ cogoya jugu la. Spinɛli jɔcogo sabatilen bɛ ionw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw mara nin yɔrɔ in na, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka fɛɛrɛ in kɛ min bɛnnen don Artik sigili ma, ka waati cogoya suma, ani ka aerospace minɛnw kɛ yɔrɔ minnu na funteni hakɛ kɔlɔsili bɛ girinya ni gɛlɛya fara a kan.

Lakanali baara kɛcogo jugu la, o bɛ tɛmɛ litiyamu wɛrɛw kan-ion suguya wɛrɛw. Lithium titanate cellules bɛ tɛmɛ ni nail doncogo ye, crush, ani chargement tards ye ni tasuma walima binkanni tɛ. O fɛn in ka funteni-boli-yɔrɔ bɛ sigi degere 270 ɲɔgɔn na , a ka baara kɛcogo funteni ka bon kosɛbɛ ani a ka bon ni fɛn wɛrɛw ye minnu bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn wɛrɛw ye. Nin lakanacogo in b’a jira ko a nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ-skala sigiyɔrɔw la i n’a fɔ grid marayɔrɔw yɔrɔ minnu na selilɛri kelen dɛsɛ bɛ se ka sɔrɔ.

A nafa min ka bon kosɛbɛ o ye fanga density ye. Lithium titanate batiriw bɛ 30-110 wh/kg dɔrɔn de di gravimetriquement ani fo ka se 177 wh/L volumetrical ma. Lithium-Ion batiriw ni graphite anodes ani nickel-manganɛsi-Cobalt katodiw bɛ 200-300 wh/kg sɔrɔ. Nin nafa saba fo san tan ni tan na, o kɔrɔ ye ko litiyɔmu titanate batiriw bɛ yɔrɔ caman minɛ, wa u bɛ girinya caman sɔrɔ fanga marali la min bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma.

Energy density dɔgɔyali bɛ trace (taama) kɛ ka ɲɛsin baarakɛ voltage (voltazi) ma. Litiyɔmu titanate seliluw bɛ 2,3-2.4V tɔgɔla voltage sɔrɔ ni i ye a suma ni 3,6-3.7V ye litiyamu sariyalen-ion na. O voltage loss-min bɛ 1V-Baara kɛ ka ɲɛsin fanga marali dɔgɔyali ma, o bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin fɛn kelen ma. Baara minnu bɛ kɛ ni girinya ni hakɛ ye, olu nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ, i n’a fɔ kuran ni kuran mɔbili minnu bɛ taa yɔrɔ jan, a ka c’a la, olu tɛ se ka sɔn o jagokɛcogo la.

Muɲu bɛ bali wɛrɛ jira ka ɲɛsin den sɔrɔli ma yɔrɔ bɛɛ. Lithium titanate batiri selilɛriw bɛ $1.50 ɲɔgɔn bɔ watt la-lɛrɛ, ka sɔrɔ lithium nɛgɛ fositɛri selilɛriw bɛ $0.40 lamini watt kelen-lɛrɛ la. Sɔngɔko sɔngɔ bɛ bɔ fɛn caman na: Sinsincogo gɛlɛnw, nɛnɛ kunbɛnni tigitigi dilanni waati, titanium sɔngɔ gɛlɛn-Precursors minnu sinsinnen bɛ, ani fɛn dilanni hakɛ dɔgɔyali ni i ye a suma ni kemisɛriba ye.

O fɛn dilanni taabolo bɛ a ɲini ka a yɛrɛ kɔlɔsi kosɛbɛ. Sintering Li8To₅O₁₂ bɛ funteni de wajibiya min bɛ se 600-850 ma ka kɛɲɛ ni sintezi fɛɛrɛ ye, ni baarakɛwaati jan ye ka tɛmɛ grafite elekitorode labɛnni kan. Anatase walima rutile tio2 bɛ se ka sɔrɔ ni funteni hakɛ jateminɛ kɛra ko a tɛ se ka kɛ, a bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni kuran ye. Nanostructured lithium titanate ɲuman bɛ fɛn caman ɲini fɛn dilanni na ani a ka dɔnniya.

Kuranko bisiw bɛ Litiyɔmu Titanate fɛɛrɛw ka jago baaraba jira. Chimie ka chargement teliya seko bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka sababu sara bisi jɔyɔrɔw la, ka sira di batiri misɛnninw ma minnu bɛ girinya jalaki bɔ. Microvast bɛ litiyɔmu titanate batiriw di Erɔpu kuran bisi dilannikɛlaw ma i n’a fɔ Wrightbus ka routemaster kura double-Deckers in London, yɔrɔ min na 1000 bɛ baara kɛ ni 18 kWh batiriw ye.

Grid Energy Storage Systems bɛ litiyɔmu titanate bila ka caya walasa ka frequency regulation ani dɛmɛnanw sɔrɔ. Altairnano ye 20 MW/5 MWH fanga marayɔrɔ dɔ jɔ ni litiyɔmu titanate fɛɛrɛ ye. Nin sigili ninnu bɛ jaabi waati ni cycle ɲɛnamaya bila jɔyɔrɔ fɔlɔ la fanga hakɛ kan-Jaaraw la, litiyamu titanate bɛ tɛmɛ o kan. Batiriw bɛ se ka jaabi di milisekɔndi kɔnɔ ka ɲɛsin grid frequency variations ma ani ka san 30-40 muɲu don o don wotoro la.

Nɛgɛso baarakɛcogo bɛ Litiyɔmu Titanate ka funteni muɲuni ni a lakanani nafa. Siemens Mireo Plus B Battery-Kuran tɛrɛnw donna baara la Awirilikalo san 2024 fanga min bɛ Toshiba litiyɔmu titanate seliw fɛ ni 15-San baarakɛcogo makɔnɔnen ye. British Rail Class 93 tri-Mode locomotives bɛ baara kɛ ni litiyɔmu titanate batiriw ye walasa ka boli layini yɔrɔw kan minnu tɛ kuran ye. Japon ka N700S Shinkansen bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛɛrɛ ye walasa ka teliya dɔgɔya baara kɛ fanga tiɲɛni waati la.

Consumer Electronics bɛ litiyɔmu titanate ta ko kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na minnu bɛ ɲini ka charge teliya walima ka da a la kosɛbɛ. Samsung ka Galaxy Note Series bɛ baara kɛ ni litiyɔmu titanate batiriw ye S-PEN stylus kɔnɔ, o bɛ se ka sanga 10 kɛ ka bɔ sekɔndi 40 charge la. Seiko kinetiki watɛsiw ye kondansɛriw bila u nɔ na ni litiyɔmu titanate batiriw ye walasa ka fanga maracogo ni baara ɲɛnamaya ɲɛ.

Industriw ka minɛnw bɛ daminɛ mobili ɲɛminɛbagaw la minnu bɛ taa ni u ye otomatiki la ka taa a bila furakɛli minɛnw na minnu bɛ taa ni u ye mobili kɔnɔ, olu bɛ litiyɔmu titanate sugandi ni lakana ni wotoro ɲɛnamaya bɛ musaka caman di. Tempest Weather Station bɛ baara kɛ ni 1300 mAh lithium titanate batiri ye min bɛ charge kɛ panneaux solaires fɛ, o bɛ tile yeelen sanga 4 dɔrɔn de wajibiya dɔgɔkun fila o dɔgɔkun fila. Sɔrɔdasi ni aerospace baarakɛcogo bɛ nafa don chimie ka baara kɛcogo la funteni jugumanba la ani tasuma faratiw kɛlɛli la.

Walasa ka litiyɔmu titanate bɛ bɛn yɔrɔ min na, o faamu, o bɛ dɛmɛ ka a dɔn .Batiri minnu bɛ Litiyɔmu .A ka c’a la-U ye fanga marayɔrɔw ye minnu bɛ se ka charge (ka segin) minnu bɛ litiyɔmu ionw lamaga elekitorodew ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ walasa ka kuran fanga mara ani k’a bɔ. O litiyɔmu-ion batiri denbaya kɔnɔ, litiyɔmu titanate bɛ yɔrɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ minɛ min ɲɛfɔlen don a ka anɔdi fɛn fɛ. Batiri litiyamu fanba bɛ baara kɛ ni grafite anodiw ye minnu bɛ fara katodi suguya caman kan-Nɛgɛ fositɛri litiyɔmu (LFP), nikɛri-Manganɛsi-Cobalt (NMC), walima Litiyamu Kobalt ɔkisidi (LCO). Lithium titanate batiriw bɛ u yɛrɛ danfara ni li8ti 2 ye 2 kɛ anodi ye, a ka ca a la, u bɛ kɛ ni litiyɔmu manganɛsi oksidan ye walima nɛgɛ fositɛri katodi litiyamu.

Ni an ye a suma ni LFP batiriw ye, litiyɔmu titanate bɛ 5-10 siɲɛ cycle ɲɛnamaya ani nɛnɛ sanfɛla-Weather performance, nka a bɛ kelen dɔrɔn de di-sabanan ka se fanga hakɛ tilancɛ ma. LFP selilɛriw musaka bɛ se dɔrɔmɛ 0,40/wh ma ka tɛmɛ $1.50/Wh kan litiyɔmu titanate la. Simi fila bɛɛ bɛ sinsin lakana kan fanga hakɛ kan, o b’a to u bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka baara kɛ ni u ye, yɔrɔ minnu na tasuma farati bɛ na ni kɔlɔlɔ juguw ye.

NMC ni NCA batiriw bɛ fanga sɔrɔ kuran mɔbili baarakɛcogo la min bɛ se ka kɛ yɔrɔ ye min ka bon kosɛbɛ. Nin kemisɛri ninnu bɛ 200-250 wh/kg-Titanate litiyɔmu fila walima triple lithium ka fanga danfara-Mili hakɛ 300-500 bɔ. Nka, u bɛ 1000- 2000 dɔrɔn de bila sen kan ani ka faratiba lase funteni bolicogo ma. Kuranko mobili minnu bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛsin musaka kuntaalajan ma kilomɛtɛrɛ kelen kɔnɔ ani wari sarali teliya la, i n’a fɔ dugubaw kɔnɔ fɛnw jiginni kurunbaw ani duguw ka bisiw, olu bɛ se ka sɔn Litiyɔmu Titanate ka hakɛ jalaki ma walasa ka nafa sɔrɔ baara la.

Fɛɛrɛ kura bɔlenw kama i n’a fɔ solide-State batiriw ani sodium-ion cellules, lithium titanate bɛ fɛɛrɛ kɔgɔlenw jira, minnu sɛgɛsɛgɛra jago siratigɛ la. Solid-State batiriw bɛ layidu ta ko fanga hakɛ ni lakana ka bon nka u bɛ to ka kɔn-Jago yiriwali ni fɛn dilanni gɛlɛyaw ye. Sodium-Ion batiriw bɛ fɛnw musaka dɔgɔya nka fanga hakɛ bɛ tali kɛ litiyɔmu titanate la ni cycle life surun ye. Suguw ka fɔtaw san 2025-2033 porozɛ litiyɔmu titanate la ka suguya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw mara k’a sɔrɔ fɛɛrɛ kuraw bɛ suguya caman ka baarakɛcogo ɲɛnabɔ.

Lithium Titanate

Duniya Litiyɔmu Titanate Batiri suguya sera 75,61-80,65 miliyari ma san 2024 ka kɛɲɛ ni suguya ɲininikɛla caman ye, ni jateminɛw bɛ daminɛ dɔrɔmɛ miliyari 237-308 na san 2033-2034. O b’a jira ko san o san bonya hakɛ bɛ caya 10-14,4%, o bɛ ɲɛminɛ fɔlɔ ni kuran mɔbili tali ye, grid maracogo bonya, ani fɛnw ɲinini teliya la.

Azi-Pasifiki bɛ fanga sɔrɔ sɛnɛfɛnw ni fɛnw feereli la, o bɛ kɛ 60% ɲɔgɔn ye diɲɛ litiyɔmu titanate batiri ɲinini na san 2024. Sinuwa jamana ka san 14nan duuru-San bolodalen bɛ 50% fanga sɔrɔcogo kura sɔrɔli laɲini ka bɔ san 2020-2025 la, ka nafolodonniw lawuli Grid Titanate ka waati jan kɔnɔ. Japon, n’o ye Toshiba ka SCIB fɛɛrɛ ye, o bɛ litiyɔmu titanate tali barikama mara nɛgɛso bolicogo ni izini baara la.

Ameriki Woroduguyanfan bɛ suguya 36% ɲɔgɔn na, ni fɛn dilannikɛlaw sigilenw ye i n’a fɔ Altairnano ani ntolatanna kura minnu bɛ ka bɔ kɛnɛ kan i n’a fɔ Grinergy ka sɛnɛfɛnw bɔli seko bonya. Ameriki fanga minisiriso ka wari miliyɔn 258 min bɛna don batiriw la minnu bɛ taa ɲɛ, olu ye litiyamu titanate yiriwali ye baara kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kama, yɔrɔ minnu na litiyamu-ion kɔrɔlen bɛ se ka kɛ ko ye min tɛ se ka kɛ.

A dilannikɛla jɔnjɔnw ye Toshiba (SCIB taamasiyɛn), Altairnano (NanoSafe), Microvast (LPTO), Leclanché (Tibox), ani Sinuwa fɛn dilannikɛlaw ye Yinlong batiri fɛɛrɛ ye min sɔrɔla Gree Electric fɛ. Sɛnɛfɛnw dilanni seko yiriwali bɛ sinsin musakaw dɔgɔyali kan taabolo ɲuman ni sɔrɔko siratigɛ la sanni ka kɛ fɛn jɔnjɔnw ye minnu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka fɛnw caman sɛgɛsɛgɛ.

Ɲininikalan siraw bɛ sinsin litiyɔmu titanate ka dantigɛli fɔlɔw kan. Ekipuw bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ diɲɛ fan bɛɛ la ka doping kɛ ni niobium, manje, walima fɛn wɛrɛw ye walasa ka fɛnw tacogo ni u seko sabati. Surface modifications (yɔrɔ caman caman cili) minnu bɛ sɔrɔ karɔbɔli dacogo la ani nano sigicogo la, olu kun ye ka hakɛ baara kɛcogo ɲɛ. Overlithiation strategies (lithiation overlithiation strategies) sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ ka tɛmɛ Li₇TI 10000 kan walasa ka seko wɛrɛw minɛ, hali ni o bɛ zeru- nafa sɛgɛsɛgɛ.

Litiyɔmu titanate dilanni bɛ tugu solid-state walima jilama-state synthèse siraw kɔ, u kelen-kelen bɛɛ nafa tɛ kelen ye. Laadalata high{3}}funteni solide-State fɛɛrɛ bɛ litiyɔmu karɔbɔni (Li2Co₃) ni titanium dioxide (tio2) ɲagami stoikiometriki hakɛw la, o kɔfɛ a bɛ ɲagami ka kɛ 700-850 ye degere 10-24 kɔnɔ. O fɛɛrɛ in bɛ a jira ko a ka nɔgɔn ani ko a bɛ se ka sɛgɛsɛgɛ nka a bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw (500nm-5μm) bɔ ni a yɔrɔ ka dɔgɔn.

Sol-Gel fɛɛrɛw bɛ se ka kunbɛnni ɲuman di fɛnɲɛnamaw hakɛ ni u cogoya kan. Ɲininikɛlaw bɛ titaniyɔmu alkokisidiw wuli i n’a fɔ tetarabutili titanati ni litiyamu idɔrɔkisidi ye fɛnɲɛnamafagalan na, o kɔfɛ jeli ni kalisini bɛ sɔrɔ 600-800 degɛrɛ la . Litiyɔmu titanate min bɛ sɔrɔ o la, o bɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw hakɛ ye 200Nm duguma ani a sanfɛla yɔrɔw la minnu bɛ gɛrɛ m2/g 100 na min bɛ se ka chargement teliya. Nka, sol-Gel taabolo bɛ nɛnɛ kunbɛnni ɲuman de wajibiya ani ka kɛ sɔngɔba ye ka tɛmɛ solid-state synthèse kan.

Hydrothermal synthesis bɛ litiyɔmu titanate dilan ni funteni dɔgɔman ye (120-200 degɛrɛ ) ni a bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛbilaw kɛ jilamaw la minnu bɛ degun. Nin fɛɛrɛ in bɛ nanotubuw ni nanowɛriw dilan ni u cogoya kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye, nka u bɛ minɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw de wajibiya minnu bɛ tansiyɔnba la ani ka ji bɔgɔjiw bɔ minnu bɛ furakɛli ɲini.

Kɔgɔ wulilen fɛɛrɛ bɛ reactants (banakisɛfagalanw) lajɔ-Melting Salt bath (a ka c’a la licl-KCl ɲagaminenw) la 500-700 degre . O jilama in bɛ ion jɛnsɛnni teliya, ka litiyɔmu titanati kristalɛ caman dilan ni kuran-sɛnɛfɛn ɲumanw ye. Hali ni fanga-Baarakɛcogo ɲuman bɛ tali kɛ laadalata sira la, kɔgɔ fɛɛrɛ minnu bɛ wuli, olu bɛ kɔgɔ sɔrɔcogo ni u lasegincogo siraw de wajibiya.

Jogoɲumanya kɔlɔsili bɛ kɛ fɛn ye min nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ. X-Ray diffraction bɛ fasa saniyalen dafa, i n’a fɔ anatase walima rutile tio₂ tiɲɛni hakɛ. Particules hakɛ tilali bɛ nɔ bila elekitorode baarakɛcogo la ani batiri baarakɛcogo la-Baara ni conductivity bɛ tɔɔrɔ, a ka dɔgɔ kojugu ani a yɔrɔw bɛ ɲɔgɔn dalajɛ. Ji hakɛ ka kan ka to 100 ppm duguma walasa ka elekitoroliti tiɲɛni bali selilɛri lajɛ waati.

Lithium titanate batiriw bɛ se ka 10.000 fo 30.000 dafalen charge-Discharge cycles sɔrɔ ka sɔrɔ ka se 80% seko ma, ni dɔw ka ca- fanga suguya caman ye 45.000 cycles ye. Lithium basigilen-Ion batiriw ni graphite anodes bɛ mɛn 2000-3000 cycles la o cogo kelen na. Nin 5-15X ɲɛnamaya jan nafa bɛ baara kɛ ni san 20-30 baarakɛwaati ye baarakɛcogo la ni don o don wotoro ye, ni i ye a suma ni san 5-8 ye litiyɔmu-ion kɔrɔlen na.

Energy density disadvantage bɛ litiyɔmu titanate kɛ fɛn ye min tɛ se ka kɛ fɛnw ye minnu bɛ se ka ta. Smartphone batiri min bɛ baara kɛ ni litiyɔmu titanate ye, o bɛna bonya siɲɛ 2- 3 ka bonya ani ka girinya ka tɛmɛ sisan dilanw kan walasa ka baara kɛ waati kelen na. Mɔgɔ minnu bɛ fɛnw san, olu bɛ minɛnw bonya ni u girinya bila jɔyɔrɔ fɔlɔ la, ka tɛmɛ wari teliya ni ɲɛnamaya jan nafa kan Lithium Titanate fɛ. O musaka camanba in bɛ mɔgɔ fari faga ka taa a fɛ, a bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka fɛnw ta minnu bɛ sɔngɔ gɛlɛya.

Ɔwɔ, litiyɔmu titanate batiriw bɛ se ka charge teliya kosɛbɛ ka tɛmɛ sisan Tesla superchargeurs kan ni u dilannen don ka ɲɛ. Toshiba ka selilu labanw bɛ charge ka 80% sɔrɔ 1- 6 la ka kɛɲɛ ni fanga hakɛ ye, ka sɔrɔ Tesla superchargeurs bɛ miniti 15-20 de wajibiya charge hakɛ kelen na. Nka, o bɛ ɲini fanga caman chargement infrastructures ({6}} kW) kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw fɛ minnu tɛ sɔrɔ yɔrɔ bɛɛ, wa fanga hakɛ jalaki kɔrɔ ye ko litiyɔmu titanate bolifɛnw tun bɛna surunya batiri girinya hakɛ la min bɛ bɛn o ma.

Fɛn saba bɛ litiyɔmu titanate lakanani ɲɛ: A fɔlɔ, 1.55V baarakɛcogo bɛ litiyɔmu dendɛrɛti sɔrɔli bali min bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka kɔnɔna kurukuruw kɛ grafite anɔdiw la. Filanan, o fɛn tɛ Kɛ ‘elektrɔli-yɔrɔ gɛlɛn ye min bɛ Se ka ‘fɛn Bɔ ‘exothothèquement. Sabanan, 270 degere 270 hakɛ bɛ tɛmɛ tɔɔrɔko cogoya funteni fanba kan, wa zeru{4}}Sɔrɔcogo bɛ tiɲɛni masinw kɛlɛ ka bɔ fɛnw na minnu bɛ se ka kɛ. O jogo ninnu bɛ a to litiyɔmu titanate selilɛriw ka tɛmɛ nɛgɛ doncogo kan ani ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ ni tasuma walima binkanni tɛ.

Lithium Titanate

Litiyɔmu titanate bɛ nisɛ dɔ minɛ min ɲɛfɔlen don nka a bɛ bonya fanga marayɔrɔ la. O fɛɛrɛ tɛna kɛ litiyɔmu kɔrɔ-ion nɔ na telefɔni seleke naani walima waati jan{2}}sira kan yɔrɔ minnu na fanga hakɛ bɛ baarakɛcogo latigɛ. O nɔ na, a bɛ baara kɛ ni baarakɛcogo ye, wotoro ɲɛnamaya, lakana, chargement teliya, walima funteni muɲuni bɛ jo di ka sɔn fanga dɔgɔyali ma ani musaka caman ma.

Bonya sira jɛlen bɛ sɔrɔ foroba bolifɛnw na, yɔrɔ min na, sababuw chargement bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka batiri misɛnninw kɛ minnu bɛ girinya jalakiw bɔ yɔrɔ dɔ la, ani yɔrɔ min na batiri caman cili bɛ kɛ san 12-15 kɔnɔ mobili ɲɛnamaya waatiw la, minnu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye. Grid Storage bɛ fit nafama wɛrɛ jira, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, frequency regulation services minnu bɛ don o don sɛgɛsɛgɛli ba caman kɛ san tan kɔnɔ.

Kɔsa in na, yiriwali minnu kɛra ɲɔgɔndan fɛɛrɛw la, olu bɛ layidu-Litiyamu titanate anodes fara ɲɔgɔn kan ni sanfɛ High-Capacity cathodes ye, walima ka litiyɔmu titanate kɛ yɔrɔ la-Mobiliw janyalen don yɔrɔ minnu na batiri fitinin bɛ wuli tuma ni tuma. Ni fɛn dilanni hakɛw ni musakaw bɛ ka dɔgɔya, a bɛ se ka bonya ka kɛ sugu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen wɛrɛw ye. Sisan, litiyɔmu titanate b’a jira ko batiri ka chimie ɲuman bɛ bɔ a kɛcogo la pewu sanni ka kɛ fɛɛrɛ "fɛn ɲuman" kelen nɔfɛ baarakɛcogo bɛɛ la.