Elekɔtɔli organique ye mun ye?

Elektɔri fɛnɲɛnamafagalan ye furaji ye min bɛ kɛ ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kɛ kɔgɔ wulilenw ye. Nin elekitoroliti ninnu bɛ se ka ionw ta elekitorodew ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ batiriw kɔnɔ ni karɔbɔni ye-Sɔrɔli minnu bɛ sɔrɔ i n’a fɔ etilɛni karɔbɔni walima dimetili karɔbɔni, sanni ka kɛ ji walima fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ye.

ni aw ye aw yɛrɛ ɲininka .whats a litiyɔmu batiri .A dilannen don ni, elekitoroliti sigilen bɛ a ka baara kɔnɔna na. Lithium-Ion batiriw bɛ bɔ elekitorolitɛriw la minnu bɛ kɛ ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ta katodi ni anɔdi cɛ charge ni discharge cycles waati la. Ni nin jilama in tun tɛ, batiri tun tɛna baara kɛ dɔrɔn.

A kɛcogo misali bɛ kɛ ni litiyamu kɔgɔ ye-A ka ca a la litiyamu hexafluorophosphate (lipf₆)-Dissolved in a mixed of organic solvents. O bɛ furaji dɔ Dabɔ ni ionikɛ-taamaʃyɛnba ye min bɛ sira Di litiyamu ionw ma minnu chargera koɲuman ka Taa u yɛrɛ la k’a sɔrɔ u bɛ ɛlektrɔnikiw ka bɔli bali, o min bɛna Kɛ sababu ye ka kurukuruw Sɔrɔ.

Jagokɛla litiyɔmu-Ion batiriw bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalan ye sanni ka kɛ ni ji ye (ji-Based) elektrɔliw kun jɔnjɔn dɔ la: fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bɛ to ka sabati ni tensions ye minnu bɛ tɛmɛ 4,5 volts kan, k’a sɔrɔ ji bɛ tiɲɛ ka tɛmɛ 1,23 volts kan so funteni na. O voltage nafa bɛ baara kɛ k’a ɲɛsin batiriw ma minnu ka bon kosɛbɛ.

Elekɔtɔli biologikiw ka danfara bɛ danfara ka kɛɲɛ ni a kɛcogo ɲininiw ye, nka furaji caman bɛ fanga la:

Karɔbɔni siklikɛlenw:

Etilɛni karɔbɔni (EC) bɛ dielektriki basigilen ni kɔgɔ caman di, hali ni a ka gɛlɛn so funteni na .

Propylene carbonate (PC) bɛ to ji la nka a bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka grafite bɔ anɔdi fɛn dɔw la .

Vinylene carbonate (VC) bɛ to ka bɔ kɛnɛ kan i n’a fɔ faralifɛn walasa ka elekitorode sabatili ɲɛ .

Carbonates lineaires:

Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan dɔgɔya walasa ka ion tacogo ɲuman sɔrɔ .

Dietil karɔbɔni (DEC) bɛ balansi don a ka baarakɛcogo ni a ka lakana .

Ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) bɛ DMC ni DEC fila bɛɛ ka jogo fara ɲɔgɔn kan .

Jagokɛlaw ka furakɛlicogo fanba bɛ karɔbɔni cyclique ni lineaire fara ɲɔgɔn kan. Standard ɲagaminen bɛ se ka kɛ 30% EC ye ni 70% Dec ye, ka jilama dɔ da ni a jiginni ka bon ani a ka sɔgɔli bɛnnen. Duniya litiyamu-ion batiri elekitorolite solvent sugu sera miliyari 10,55 ma san 2024 ani a jirala ko a bɛna bonya ka se miliyari 28,12 ma san 2034, o b’a jira ko nin fɛn ninnu nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ.

ether-Solvants basigilenw:

1,2-diméthoxyéthane (DME) bɛ sabatili di ni litiyamu nɛgɛmafɛnw ye .

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) bɛ a jira ko a bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn ye .

1,3-dioxolane A bɛ bisikili nafa bonya .

Ɲininikɛlaw fana bɛ ka ion jilamaw sɛgɛsɛgɛ i n’a fɔ fura wɛrɛw minnu ka fisa. O kɔgɔ mɔlenw bɛ to ji la so funteni na, wa u bɛ tansiyɔn zeru jira, o b’a to u tɛ tasuma bɔ. Nka, u ka sɔgɔli ka caya, o bɛ dɔ bɔ ionw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw na ni i ye u suma ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka u kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ.

Baarakɛcogo ye tilennen ye nka a cɛ ka ɲi. A bɔli senfɛ, litiyamu ionw bɛ bɔ anɔdi la ka don elekitoroliti la ka taa katodi fan fɛ. Elektɔronw, minnu tɛ se ka tɛmɛ elekitoroliti fɛ, ka tɛmɛ kɛnɛma sɛrɛkili fɛ-Nin ɛlektrɔniki bolicogo in ye kuran ye min bɛ se ka minɛnw fanga di.

Elektɔri ka kan ka ɲɔgɔndan wajibiyalen caman dafa. A mago bɛ sɔgɔli dɔgɔman na ion lamaga teliya la, dielektriki basigilen ka bon walasa ka litiyamu kɔgɔ, kuran-sɛnɛ-yɔrɔ widew fara ɲɔgɔn kan walasa ka tiɲɛni bali, ani kemikaliya sabatili ni elekitorode fila bɛɛ ye. Fɛn minnu bɛ nin nafolo ninnu bɛɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma, olu sɔrɔli bɛ to gɛlɛya ye.

Ko gɛlɛn kelen bɛ Kɛ elekitorode sanfɛla la: elekitoroliti solide (SeI) min bɛ Kɛ o la. Ni batiri bɛ charge fɔlɔ, elekitoroliti yɔrɔ dɔ bɛ tiɲɛ anɔdi sanfɛla la, ka lakanalan finman dɔ dilan. O SEI in b’a To litiyamu ionw bɛ Tɛmɛ k’a sɔrɔ u bɛ ɛlektrɔnikiw bali ani ka ɛlektrɔli tiɲɛni wɛrɛw bali. O layini in ka ɲumanya n’a sabatili bɛ nɔba bila batiri si hakɛ ni a lakanani na.

Organic Electrolyte

Sugandili min bɛ kɛ ni elekitorolitɛriw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamaw ye ani minnu bɛ kɛ ni ji ye, o bɛ tali kɛ jago jɔnjɔnw na. Jiko siratigɛ la, ionw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw (-water molecules) bɛ ionw lamaga ka ɲɛ ka tɛmɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kan. U fana ka fisa, u sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔ, wa u minɛni ka nɔgɔn bawo ji tɛ se ka tasuma bɔ, wa u tɛ baga.

Nka o 1.23-Volt Stability window bɛ jilamaw faga baara fanba la. Litiyɔmu-ion batiriw bɛ baara kɛ 3,7 ni 4,2 volt cɛ, ji bɛ se ka muɲu min na kosɛbɛ. Ɲininikalan dɔw ye jilafɛnw gɛlɛya ka se 2,0-2,5 volt ma ni kɔgɔ fura caman ye, nka o bɛ musaka nafa saraka ani ka gɛlɛya kuraw don.

Electrolytes biologiques bɛ sugu la, a tɛ kɛ bawo u dafalen don, nka bawo u ye sugandi ɲuman ye min bɛ sɔrɔ sanfɛ-voltage applications. Energy density nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ-o ye danfara ye kuran mɔbili ni kilomɛtɛrɛ 100 hakɛ ni kilomɛtɛrɛ 300 cɛ.

Elekɔtɔli biologikiw ka dɛsɛba ye tasuma ye. Carbonate solvents bɛ tasuma don nɔgɔya la, ani litiyɔmu-ion batiri tasumaw bɛ funteni jugumanba lase. Funteni bolisira-kɔnɔna funteni bɛ teliya ka kemikaliya walew teliya minnu bɛ funteni caman lawuli-bɛ se ka tasuma walima binkanniw lase.

Fɛɛrɛ caman bɛ o farati in ɲɛnabɔ:

Tasuma-Danfara minnu bɛ kɛ ka fɛnw fara ɲɔgɔn kan:Ni aw ye fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw fara a kan i n’a fɔ fositɛri trimetil walima furaji minnu bɛ kɛ ni fluor ye, o bɛ dɔ bɔ tasuma na. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli minnu bɔra san 2020, olu y’a jira ko EC-Elektroliti minnu tɛ tasuma ye, olu bɛ baara kɛ ni metili(2,2,2-trifluoroetil)karɔbɔni ye. Bugun minnu bɛ baara kɛ ni nin furakisɛ in ye, olu bolila ka 100 cycles kɛ 4.5V charge cutoff-conditions na minnu bɛna kɛ sababu ye ka elektrɔli kɔrɔlenw tiɲɛ.

Solid-State electrolytes:Ni aw ye elekitoroliti jilamaw falen ni fɛn gɛlɛnw ye (polimɛriw walima seramikiw) o bɛ tasuma bɔ a la pewu. Nka, elekitoroliti gɛlɛnw bɛ gɛlɛyaw sɔrɔ: ionw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ka dɔgɔn so funteni na, u ni elekitorodew cɛ man ɲi, ani u kari. Fɛɛrɛ in bɛ layidu jira nka a ma bɛn fɔlɔ jilamaw ka baarakɛcogo ma.

High-Elektroliti minnu bɛ bɔ ɲɔgɔn na:Baara kɛ ni kɔgɔ hakɛ 3-5 ye sanni ka 1 molari hakɛ caman Changer électrolyte structure. Sitimɛw kɔnɔ minnu falen don kosɛbɛ, solwɛti mɔlikuluw ka dɔgɔn, olu tɛ siri, u bɛ tasuma dɔgɔya ani u sabatili bɛ ɲɛ. LIFSI (lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide) o cogoyaw la, o ye lakana fisaman jira ka sɔrɔ ka baara kɛcogo ɲuman mara.

Elektɔri suguya bɛ ka bonya teliya la. Litiyɔmu batiri elekitoroliti suguya tun bɛ se miliyari 5,8 ma san 2025, wa a jirala ko a bɛna se miliyari 18,3 ma san 2035, o b’a jira ko san o san bonya hakɛ bɛ se ka kɛ 12,2% ye. O bonya in bɛ bɔ fɔlɔ kuran bolifɛnw tali ni u ka grid-Scale Energy Storage deployment la.

Azi Pasifiki bɛ fanga sɔrɔ sɛnɛfɛnw ni fɛnw feereli la, o bɛ kɛ 35% ɲɔgɔn ye diɲɛ suguya la. Sinuwa, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, a ye elekitoroliti dilanni sekobaw jɔ walasa k’a ka jamana kɔnɔ batiri baara dɛmɛ. Baarakɛda minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ Guangzhou Tinci Materials Technology ani Shenzhen Capchem Technology bɛ diɲɛ kɔnɔ fɛnw dilancogo ɲɛminɛ.

Mobili yɔrɔ bɛ demand-kuran mobiliw ta sisan ka batiri caman dun ka tɛmɛ mɔgɔw ka ɛntɛrinɛti kan, o ye kɔsegin ye min bɛ bɔ hali a san duuru ye nin ye. EV batiri kelen-kelen bɛɛ kɔnɔ, elekitoroliti litiri caman bɛ sɔrɔ, wa diɲɛ EV feereli tɛmɛna hakɛ miliyɔn 14 kan san 2023. Nin mobili sinsinnan in bɛ ɲininiw gɛlɛya ka ɲɛsin elekitorolitiw ma minnu bɛ ɲɛtaa sɔrɔ cycle life ani funteni hakɛ caman na sanni ka fanga caman sɔrɔ.

Kɔsa in na, ɲinini siraw b’a jira ko foro bɛ taa yɔrɔ min na. Yɔrɔ kelen min bɛ layidu ta, o ye yɔrɔ ye min sigiyɔrɔ ka bon-Concentration electrolytes (LHCEs). Nin fɛɛrɛ ninnu bɛ baara kɛ ni furaji sɔngɔ gɛlɛn hakɛ fitinin ye walasa ka sigida lamini dɔ dilan min ka ca kosɛbɛ litiyamu kɔgɔ lamini na, o kɔfɛ, aw bɛ nin ko in kɛ ni cosolvent ye min sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔ, min tɛ baara kɛ. O jaabi bɛ nafa minnu bɛ sɔrɔ sanfɛ-hakilijagabɔ siratigɛ la, olu nafa ka bon ni musaka ni sɔgɔli ye min bɛ bɛn.

Fɛn wɛrɛ min bɛ kɛ, o ye ka SEI layɛrɛ labɛn ni elekitoroliti faralenw ye. Fura kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw hakɛ fitininw (1-5%) bɛ se ka nɔba bila fɛn minnu na elekitorode sanfɛla la. Misali la, vinilɛni karɔbɔni bɛ ɲɛnafin bɔ walasa ka SEI filimu sabatilen dɔ dilan. Sɛgɛsɛgɛlikɛlaw minnu bɛ batiri laboratuwaraw la, olu bɛ to ka faraɲɔgɔnkan kɛmɛ caman sɛgɛsɛgɛ tuma bɛɛ ni jatebɔ kemisi ye ka sɔrɔ ka kandidaw labɛn minnu bɛ layidu ta kosɛbɛ.

All-solid-State batiriw bɛ bɔli gɛlɛnba jira ka bɔ sisan fɛɛrɛbɔ la. Toyota, Samsung, ani QuantumScape ye tɔnw ye minnu bɛ wari caman bila elekitoroliti gɛlɛnw na. Ni a ɲɛnabɔra, nin sigida ninnu bɛ se ka fanga hakɛ caman di 50% ka tɛmɛ sisan litiyamu-ion batiriw kan ka sɔrɔ ka tasuma farati ban. Nka, fɛɛrɛko gɛlɛyaw bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔndan sabatili ni fɛn dilanni na sɛgɛsɛgɛli la, o bɛ to ka ɲɛnabɔ.

Lithium ka ɲɛtaa ye ɲininikɛlaw ye minnu bɛ tali kɛ sodiyɔmu-ion batiriw la. Sodium ka ca kosɛbɛ ani a sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔ ka tɛmɛ lithium kan, o bɛ natiri-ion sitɛmuw kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ mɔgɔ sama ka taa a mara yɔrɔ jɔlenw na yɔrɔ min na girinya nafa man bon. Kibaru duman : elekitoroliti fɛnɲɛnamafagalan caman labɛnna litiyamuw kama, olu bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ ni sodiyɔmu ye.

Gɛlɛyaw bɛ danfara dɔɔnin bɔ. Sodiyɔmu ionw ka bon ka tɛmɛ litiyamu ionw kan, u bɛ nɔ bila bolifɛnw na ani SEI sɔrɔli la. Elektɔriw mago bɛ ladilanni na walasa ka o danfara ninnu kunbɛn. Ester-Solvents basigilenw (i n’a fɔ etili asetati walima metil propionate) bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ tuma dɔw la ni sodiyɔmu ye ka tɛmɛ karɔbɔni kan-Based ones bɛ baara kɛ.

Jagokɛlaw ka sodium-Ion batiriw ka bɔ tɔnw na i n’a fɔ CATL, olu bɛ baara kɛ sisan ni elekitorolitɛriw ye minnu bɛ tali kɛ litiyamu-ion sitɛmuw la, a ka c’a la, sodium hexafluorophosphate (NAPF₆) bɛ kɛ karɔbɔni ɲagaminenw na. Fɛɛrɛ in ma bɛn litiyamu-ion baarakɛcogo ma fɔlɔ, nka baarakɛcogo la i n'a fɔ sigida tile marayɔrɔ, "ɲuman" musaka dɔgɔyali la, o bɛ se ka kɛ "ka fisa".

Elekɔtɔli biologikiw bɛ gɛlɛya sɔrɔ funteni hakɛ dantɛmɛnenw na. Dugujukɔrɔ -20℃, viscosité bɛ caya ani litiyɔmu-ion ta bɛ sumaya kosɛbɛ. sanfɛ degɛrɛ 60 , tiɲɛni walew bɛ teliya ani batiri ɲɛnamaya bɛ tɔɔrɔ.

Ether-Elektroliti minnu sinsinnen bɛ kosɛbɛ, olu bɛ nɛnɛ kunbɛn ka ɲɛ ka tɛmɛ karɔbɔli kan-Based taw, hali n’u bɛ tension sabatili dɔw saraka. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli minnu bɔra san 2024, olu y’a jira ko natɔmu-Nɔgɔ batiri minnu bɛ baara kɛ -40 degɛrɛ la ni etɛri elekitorolitiw ye minnu dilannen don koɲuman. O kun tun ye ka solvation structure balancing{{

Walasa ka baara caman kɛ{0}}Furananw na, ɛtiriw ni fositɛri ɛsitɛriw bɛ sabati ka ɲɛ ka tɛmɛ karɔbɔni hakɛ dantigɛlenw kan. Sɔrɔdasi ni aerospace baarakɛcogo bɛ jo di tuma dɔw la o elekitoroliti kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw musaka camanba ma.

Elektroliti organiques bɛ sɔrɔ batiriw ka kemisɛriw la Lithium-ion kɔfɛ. Lithium-Sulfur batiriw, minnu bɛ fanga hakɛ caman di teori la, olu bɛ elekitorolitiw de wajibiya minnu bɛ polisulfide wulicogo bali. Ɲininikɛlaw ye etɛri kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw labɛn-Elektroliti basigilenw ni farankanw i n’a fɔ litiyamu nitiriti walasa ka o ko ɲɛnabɔ.

Batiri minnu bɛ bɔ fɛnɲɛnamaw la, olu bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kɛ ka u kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ baara kɛ ka tɛmɛ elekitorode solide kan. O sitɛmuw bɛ elekitoroliti lamini batiri fɛ, o bɛ fanga di fanga ma ka bɔ fanga bɔli la a yɛrɛma. Kinones, violongens, ani tempo bɔlenw minnu bɛ wuli ji walima elekitoroliti organique kɔnɔ, olu bɛ layidu jira grid-skala marali la.

Zɛnki-Air batiriw bɛ baara kɛ ni elekitoroliti fɛnɲɛnamaw ye tuma dɔw la walasa ka zinki dendɛrɛti sɔrɔli bali. Batiriw magɛnni-Hali a ka ca ɲinini fasaw la-Elektroliti kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw magoɲɛfɛnw bawo manje tɛ kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ kɛ ka fɛn dɔ kɛ i n’a fɔ litiyamu bɛ kɛ cogo min na.

Organic Electrolyte

Ji bɛ tiɲɛ ni kuran ye ni a bɛ wuli ni 1,23V ye, o bɛ gazi idɔrɔzi ni oksizɛni sɔrɔ. Lithium-Ion batiriw bɛ baara kɛ 3,7-4,2V la, ji ka sabatili kɔfɛ kosɛbɛ. Organique solvants bɛ to ka sabati nin tension sanfɛtaw la, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka fanga mara ka caya girinya hakɛ kelen na.

Batiriw la minnu bɛ kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ye-karɔbɔni, ɛtiriw, ɛsitɛriw-Kabon-hidrogène sirili minnu bɛ oksidan nɔgɔya la ni oksizɛni ni funteni bɛ u la, olu bɛ sɔrɔ. Ni batiri donna funteni na, kɔnɔna funteni bɛ se ka tɛmɛ degere 150 kan , o waati la, o furajiw bɛ tasuma don. Litiyɔmu kɔgɔw ni elekitorode minnu bɛ kɛ ka fɛnw kɛ, olu sɔrɔli bɛ jeni teliya siɲɛ kelen.

Electrolyte tiɲɛni bɛ batiri si hakɛ dan ka se 1000-2000 charge cycles ma consumer applications kɔnɔ, walima san 8-10 kuran mɔbiliw kɔnɔ. Decomposition reactions bɛ Kɛ tuma bɛɛ elekitorode surfaces (elektrɔdiw) la, electrolyte (elektrɔli) dunni na ani insulating layers (sɔgɔli layɛrɛw) la. Funteni, chargement rates, ani voltage ranges bɛɛ bɛ nɔ bila degradation speed-gentler baarakɛcogo la, o bɛ ɲɛnamaya janya.

Sisan fɛnw lasegincogo bɛ sinsin fɔlɔ nɛgɛ nafamaw sɔrɔli kan i n’a fɔ litiyamu, kobalt ani nikɛri ka bɔ elekitorodew la. A ka c’a la, elekitoroliti bɛ jeni ka bɔ walima ka tiɲɛ kemikaliya la jimafɛnw lasegincogo la. Fɛɛrɛ kura dɔw b’a ɲini ka elekitoroliti yɔrɔw sɔrɔ ani k’u saniya, nka nin ma se ka kɛ ɲɔgɔndan ye fɔlɔ sɔrɔko siratigɛ la ni elekitoroliti kura bɔli ye petoroli balofɛnw na.

Elektɔri organique bɛ o fɛɛrɛ dɔ jira min bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ fo a nɔfɛta bɛ gɛlɛya sɔrɔ k’a bɔ a nɔ na, hali ni dan dɔntaw ye. Solid-State Systems bɛ layidu ta ko lakana ka fisa, wa jisigiyɔrɔw bɛ musaka dɔgɔman di, nka elekitoroliti jilamaw bɛ balansi ɲuman di sisan baarakɛcogo, fanga hakɛ, ani fɛnw dilanni na. Don nataw la, litiyamu-ion batiri kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ an ka telefɔniw, ɔridinatɛriw, ani mɔbiliw fanga di, o bɛna kɛ ni nin karɔbɔri-Ionic conducteurs ye minnu bɛ u ka baara kɛ ni dusu ye, minnu nafa ka bon.