Solvents biologiques ye mun ye?

Fɛnɲɛnɛmaw ye karɔbɔli-jilamaw basigilenw ye minnu bɛ se ka fɛn wɛrɛw wuli walima k’u jɛnsɛn k’a sɔrɔ u ma fɛn caman Changer kemikaliya la. Nin furakisɛ ninnu na, karɔbɔli atomu bɛ siri fɛn wɛrɛw la i n’a fɔ idɔrɔzi, oksizɛni, walima halojeni, o bɛ u ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw danfara bɔ ɲɔgɔn na i n’a fɔ ji. Fɛnɲɛnamafagalan suguya 200 ni kɔ bɛ sɔrɔ kemikɛli denbaya suguya caman na, u kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ baara kɛ ni izini ni jago kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye ka da u ka mɔlikuluw jɔcogo n’u farikolo cogoyaw kan.

Organique solvents (fɛnɲɛnamaw) jogo ɲɛfɔli bɛ u ka molecules (molecules) jɔcogo la. Organique solvants bɛɛ la, carbon-carbone walima carbon-hydrogène bonds bɛ sɔrɔ u ka structurel kɔkolo la. Nin karɔbɔli-dacogo basigilen bɛ fɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw di u ma, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, fɛn minnu tɛ{5}}polari ani fanga barikamaw ye minnu ji tɛ se ka wuli ka ɲɛ.

Fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw bɛ farikolo yɔrɔ caman jira minnu bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka u nafa sɔrɔ izini na. A fanba ye ji wulilenw ye so funteni na, o kɔrɔ ye ko u bɛ wuli joona. U ka tobilikɛyɔrɔw ka teli ka Bɔ degere 100 duguma fo ka Se degere 250 ma , ni tobilikɛyɔrɔw ka dɔgɔn minnu bɛ Bɛn ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ka caya ye. dielektriki basigilen-Sɔrɔli dɔ ka se ka fanga dɔgɔya chargement particules cɛ-yɛrɛyɛrɛ kosɛbɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw cɛ, o bɛ nɔba bila u ka seko la ka ion fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw wuli i n’a fɔ lithium kɔgɔw.

Viscosité bɛ nafolo kɔrɔlen wɛrɛ jira. low-viscosity solvents bɛ sira di ionw ni molecules ma ka taa hɔrɔnya la furaji fɛ, o min bɛ kɛ ko nafama ye baarakɛcogo la i n’a fɔ litiyɔmu batiri elektrɔliw yɔrɔ min na ionik conductivity bɛ baara kɛcogo dɔn. Dielektriki basigilen ni sɔgɔli cɛ, o bɛ to ka kɛ sababu ye ka furajiw ɲagami ni nafa dafalenw ye walasa ka ɲɛtaa ɲuman sɔrɔ.

Hydrocarbons solvents bɛ kɛ karɔbɔni ni hidrɔzɛni atomu dɔrɔn de ye. Nin non-polar solvents bɛ tɛmɛ tuluw, wax, tuluw ani tuluw labɔli kan.

Alifatiki hidrɔkarbonw .Aw bɛ cakɛda karɔbɔli tilennenw walima bolokɔniw jira minnu tɛ ni aromatiki bololanɛgɛw ye. Misali minnu bɛ sɔrɔ tuma caman na, olu ye hexane, heptane ani petroleum ether ye. O furajiw ka polarite ka dɔgɔn kosɛbɛ, u ka wulibaliya ka bon, wa u bɛ sabati kemikaliya siratigɛ la nka u bɛ se ka tasuma bɔ kosɛbɛ. Industries bɛ baara kɛ n’u ye tulu bɔli la, furakɛlicogo la, penti dilanni na, ani nɛgɛ dilanni na.

hidrɔkarɔbɔni aromatikiw .Benzene bololanɛgɛw bɛ u ka sigicogo la, ka jogo danfaralenw di u ma. Benzene, toluen ani xylene bɛ furaji kasadimanw jira minnu ka ca kosɛbɛ. O fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bɛ ni polarite (polarite) hakɛ damadɔ ye, u ka solvency (sɔngɔ) ka bon ka tɛmɛ aliphatique (alifatiki) kan, ani kasaw bɛ u la. U ka baarakɛminɛnw bɛ tali kɛ izini solwɛti baara la pentiw, nɛgɛw, sɛbɛnnikɛlanw, ani degreasing baara la. Nka, hidrɔkarɔbɔni kasadiman damadɔ bɛ faratiba lase kɛnɛyako ma-Benzene ye kansɛribana ye min bɛ dɔn, o bɛ dan sigi a sɔrɔli la kosɛbɛ.

Oksizɛni bɛ sɔrɔ fura minnu na, olu bɛ oksizɛni atomu don u ka molekiyɔmuw jɔcogo la, ka polari jogo dɔw da minnu bɛ u ka wulicogo seko bonya.

dɔlɔw .Aw bɛ hidroksili (-OH) kulu minnu nɔrɔlen don cakɛda karɔbɔli la, olu bɛ sɔrɔ u kɔnɔ. Metanɔli, etanɔli, isoporopanɔli ani butanɔli bɛ kɛ ka caya iziniw kɔnɔ. Dɔlɔw bɛ se ka fɛn dɔw labɔ polar ni dɔw la minnu tɛ{3}}polari ye, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka u kɛ fura caman ye. Etanɔli bɛ kɛ furakɛlifɛnw, ɲɛgɛnw, tulumafɛnw ani saniyafɛnw ye. Industriw ka baarakɛcogo dɔw ye ka baara kɛ ni u ye i n’a fɔ saniyalan ani kemikɛli la.

Ketones .Aw bɛ karɔbɔli kulu (C=O) jira min sirilen bɛ karɔbɔli atomu fila la. Asetɔni ni metili etili ketoni (MEK) bɛ nin kulu in ɲɛminɛ. Ketonw bɛ polar kosɛbɛ, u bɛ se ka wari sɔrɔ kosɛbɛ, wa u bɛ wuli joona. Asetɔni bɛ sɔrɔ wuluwuluw la, penti finmanw, ani i n’a fɔ saniya furaji dilanni na. Laboratoirew la, ketonw bɛ kɛ furakɛlifɛnw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka caya.

Esters .Aw bɛ a sɔrɔ asidiw ni alikɔliw cɛ. Etili asetati ni metili asetati bɛ kɛ ɛsitɛriw ye tuma caman. O furajiw bɛ ni jiriden kasa dumanw ye, fura ɲuman bɛ sɔrɔ resin ni polimɛriw la, ani polarite damadɔ. Coatings industry bɛ baara kɛ ni esters ye kosɛbɛ pentiw ni vernisw la. Dumuniko iziniw bɛ baara kɛ ni ɛsitɛri dɔw ye i n’a fɔ fɛn dafalenw. Ethyl acetate bɛ sɔrɔ wuluwuluw la minnu bɛ bɔ wuluwuluw la ani i n’a fɔ ciriw saniyalan.

Etɛriw .Oksizɛni atomu dɔ bɛ sɔrɔ a la min sirilen bɛ cakɛda fila la. Dietil ɛtiri ni tetarasikilini (THF) bɛ etɛri nafamaw jira laboratuwari ni iziniw kɔnɔ. A ka c’a la, etɛriw ka polarite ka dɔgɔ ani u ka wulibaliya ka bon. Hali ni dietil etɛri tun bɛ kɛ lafiyalan ye min bɛ kɛ tuma dɔ la, a tasumaba dantɛmɛnen tun bɛ dan sigi a baara la. THF bɛ to ka diya polimɛri dilanni na ani ka kɛ laboratuwari ka walekɛli fura ye.

Halojeni furajiw bɛ halojeni atomu (kulori, fluor, bromu, walima iyode) don u jɔcogo la. O furajiw bɛ ni fanga danma ye fɛnw na minnu bɛ furaji wɛrɛw kɛlɛ.

Kolifɛnw kulorilenw .Aw bɛ dikulorometan (klorodi mɛtilɛni), kulorofɔrimu, tetarasikilini (tétrachloride) karɔbɔri ani trikuloroɛtilɛni sɔrɔ. Nin fɛnɲɛnamafagalan ninnu tɛ-Flammable-Lakanali nafaba ye-wa u bɛ ni solvency fanga ka bon. Nɛgɛ bɔli baara, penti bɔli, ani saniya jalenw tun bɛ u jigi da kosɛbɛ kuloriw kan. Nka, kulori fura caman ye baga ye, dɔw bɛ jate kansɛribana walima bangeko faratiw ye. Tetarakulori kabon ni trikuloretilɛni bɛ dantigɛli gɛlɛnw sɔrɔ ka da kɛnɛyako faratiw kan ani ozɔni dɔgɔyali haminankow.

Fluorinées solvents .ye jateminɛ sɔrɔ kɔsa in na, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la baara kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na. Nin furakisɛ ninnu bɛ baga dɔgɔya ka tɛmɛ kulori kan a caman na, wa u bɛ kemikoro sabatili ɲuman jira. Batiri baara ye kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la ka ɲɛsin karɔbɔniw ma minnu bɛ kɛ ni fluorin ye walasa ka batiri litiyɔmu litiyɔmu baara caman kɛ ka da u ka oksidan sabatili kan ka tɛmɛ.

Karɔbɔni soluw bɛ jɔyɔrɔba ta k’a sababu kɛ u jɔyɔrɔba ye bi fanga marali la. O fɛnɲɛnamafagalan ninnu bɛ karɔbɔni kulu (−O−CO−O−) Sɔrɔ u jɔcogo la.

karɔbɔni siklikɛli .I n’a fɔ karɔbɔni ɛtilɛni (EC) ani propilɛni karɔbɔni (PC) bɛ dielektriki basigilenw na nka u ka sɔgɔli ka bon fana. Etilɛni karɔbɔni, min ka gɛlɛn so funteni na, o bɛ kɛ ji ye ni a ɲagamina ni furaji wɛrɛw ye. O fɛnw bɛ kɛ ka filimu sabatilenw dilan elekitorode sanfɛ.

Carbonates lineaires .i n’a fɔ dimetili karɔbɔni (DMC), dietil karɔbɔni (DEC), ani etili metili karɔbɔni (EMC) bɛ ni sɔgɔli dɔgɔman ye nka dielektriki basigilenw fana ka dɔgɔn. Karɔbɔli cyclique ni lineaire faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, o bɛ elekitoroliti jilamaw dilan ni jogo balannenw ye.

Faamuyali .Batiri min bɛ Litiyɔmu .Fɛnɲɛnɛmako bɛ ɲini ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ka baara nafama dɔn o fanga marayɔrɔw la. Batiri litiyɔmu bɛ kemikaliya fanga sɛmɛntiya ka kɛ kuran fanga ye litiyɔmu ion lamagacogo fɛ elekitorodew ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ. Organique solvents bɛ kɛ elekitoroliti jilama jusigilan ye min bɛ se ka nin ion tacogo in kɛ.

Batiri litiyamu kɔnɔ, fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ka kan ka fɛn caman ɲini minnu bɛ ɲini ka kɛ fɛn caman ye. U mago bɛ dielektriki basigilen caman na walasa ka litiyamu kɔgɔw labɔ i n’a fɔ litiyamu hexafluorophosphate (lipf₆), o bɛɛ n’a ta, u sɔgɔli ka dɔgɔn walasa ka se ka ionw lamaga teliya la. U ka kan ka to kuran-sɛnɛ na batiri ka baarakɛ-volɛti-yɔrɔ bɛɛ la, ka tiɲɛniw kɛlɛ kuran fila bɛɛ la, ani ka baara kɛ ka ɲɛ funteni hakɛ caman na.

Litiyɔmu batiri elekitoroliti bɛ kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ɲagaminen ye. Furakɛcogo min bɛ kɛ ka caya, o bɛ etilɛni karɔbɔni ni dimetil karɔbɔni walima dietil karɔbɔni fara ɲɔgɔn kan hakɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na. Etilɛni karɔbɔni ka dielektriki hakɛ caman bɛ litiyamu kɔgɔw wuli ka ɲɛ ani ka kɛ ni elektrɔli solide solide interphase (SEI) layɛrɛ ye graphite anode kan. O SEI layɛrɛ in bɛ solwɛti tiɲɛni wɛrɛw bali ka sɔrɔ ka litiyɔmu ion tɛmɛsira to. Nka, EC ka wuliyɔrɔba (36℃) bɛ a wajibiya ka ɲagami ni jilamaw ye i n’a fɔ DMC walima DEC.

Propylene carbonate tun bɛ i n’a fɔ layidu talen fɔlɔ nka a bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka grafite bɔ litiyɔmu-ion batiriw la minnu bɛ kɛ cogo la min bɛ kɛ ka caya. Ɲininikɛlaw b’a mara batiriw kama ni anɔdi fɛn wɛrɛw ye. Karɔbɔni liniyali i n’a fɔ DMC ani DEC bɛ elekitoroliti sɔgɔli dɔgɔya, ka ionw ka baarakɛcogo ɲɛ ani ka dɔgɔya-Semperature performance.

Batiri litiyɔmu yiriwali ɲɛtaa bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ka kokuradonni bila sen kan. High-Voltage cathode materials mako bɛ furajiw la minnu ka oksidan kɛlɛli ka bon. Fluorinated biologique solvents bɔra ka kɛ kandidaw ye, o bɛ sabatili di potentiels kan 4,5V ni lithium cɛ. Nin fura kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ninnu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka batiriw sɔrɔ minnu bɛ na ni-generation batterie ye minnu fanga ka bon.

Batiri ka jogo wajibiyalenw-Farabɛn organikiw bɛ gɛlɛya cogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen na. Saniya ka kan ka tɛmɛ 99,9% kan, ni ji hakɛ bɛ a tilayɔrɔ 10 jukɔrɔ miliyɔn kelen na. Ji nɔgɔli bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka litiyamu kɔgɔ hydrolyse, ka asidi idrofluoriki sɔrɔ min bɛ batiri yɔrɔw tiɲɛ ani ka dɔ bɔ baara la. Nɔgɔw bɛ oksidan seko ni bɛnkan lakanani dɔgɔya.

Batiriw lasegincogo bɛ gɛlɛya wɛrɛw lase organique solvent management ma. Batiri minnu bɛ kɛ litiyamu ye, olu bɛ sɔrɔ ni elekitoroliti kɔrɔlenw ye minnu bɛ tiɲɛ. Nin furaji ninnu bɔli ni u filili ka ɲɛ walima u filili ka ɲɛ, o bɛ sigida nɔgɔli bali ani ka fɛn nafamaw sɔrɔ.

Organique solvents bɛ sɔrɔ industry section bɛɛ la, ni diɲɛ san o san musaka tɛmɛna tɔni miliyɔn 28 kan. U ka se ka fɛn wɛrɛw labɔ, ka u jɔ, ka u bɔ, walima ka u dilan k’a sɔrɔ u ma kɛ sababu ye ka fɛn caman Changer kemikaliya la, o b’a to u tɛ se ka bila u nɔ na cogo caman na.

Coatings and paints industry bɛ kɛ ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw feerebagaba jira. Solvents bɛ resinw ni pigments (banakisɛfagalanw) wuli, ka viscosité (banakisɛfagalanw) kunbɛn walasa u ka kɛ ka ɲɛ, ani ka u labɔ walasa ka finimugu kelenw to yen. Toluyɛn, zilɛni, asetɔni, ani alikɔli suguya caman bɛ kɛ penti finmanw ni saniyalanw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka fɛnw dilan.

Furakɛcogo bɛ bɔ kosɛbɛ furakɛlifɛnw dilanni ni u dilanni bɛɛ la. Solvents bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ reaction media for kemikaliya sɔrɔli, extraction agents for isolating active compounds from natural sources, purification media in in crystallization processes, ani carriers in formulations. Etanɔli, mɛtanɔli, asetɔni ani dikulorometan ye furakɛlifɛnw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka caya.

Adhesives and Sealants sector bɛ baara kɛ ni organiques solvents ye walasa ka consistency ani enable application. A kɛlen kɔ, solvent evaporation bɛ a to nɛgɛ ka se ka sigi. Industrie adhesives, construction sealants, ani du kɔnɔ kola bɛɛ bɛ ni organiques solvents ye u ka furakɛli la.

Printing encres bɛ furajiw de wajibiya walasa ka jimafɛnw mara ka ɲɛ ani ka a lajɛ ni u tilatilali ye sɛbɛnni yɔrɔw kan. Sɛbɛnni kɛcogo danfaralenw-OFFSE, flexographique, gravure-Baara kɛ ni solvent systems différents ye minnu bɛ ɲɛ u ka ɲinini kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw na. Hidrokarbon kasadimanw ni ɛsitɛriw bɛ sɔrɔ tuma caman na sɛbɛnnikɛlanw na minnu bɛ kɛ ka sɛbɛnni kɛ.

kemikaliya baara kɛli sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛɛ la, o bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ye i n’a fɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw. Solvents bɛ reactant mixing nɔgɔya, control reaction températures u ka funteni seko fɛ, ani ka nɔ bila reaction rates ani selectivity la. Laboratowari ɲininikɛlaw ni izini kemikaliw fila bɛɛ bɛ tali kɛ furaji bɛnnenw sugandili la walasa ka fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya kemikɛli la.

Elektroniki baarakɛlaw bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka ciriw saniya, ka flux tolenw bɔ, ani ka fɛnw bɔ u la. Saniya ka ɲɛ, o bɛ furajiw de wajibiya minnu bɛ wuli pewu k’a sɔrɔ u ma tolenw to yen. Isoporopanɔli ni furaji kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw bɛ baara kɛ ni o baara ninnu ye.

Mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ladonni ni ɲɛgɛnw bɛ kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ye tulumafɛnw na, wuluwuluw la, wuluwuluw la, ani furakɛlicogo suguya caman na. Etanɔli ni etili asetati bɛ sɔrɔ tuma caman na nin fura ninnu na.

Saniya jalen baara tun bɛ tali kɛ laadala furajiw la laada la, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la perkulorɛtilɛni (tetrachloroéthylène), walasa ka finiw saniya minnu ka nɔgɔn ji la. Sigida ni kɛnɛya haminankow ye fura wɛrɛw labɛn nin baarakɛminɛn in kama.

Organic Solvents

Fɛnɲɛnɛmaw bɛ farati caman lase kɛnɛya ma ka kɛɲɛ ni u ka kemikaliya ye, u hakɛ, u tali kuntaala, ani u sɔrɔcogo. Baarakɛla miliyɔn caman bɛ diɲɛ kɔnɔ, u bɛ se ka kɛ ni furaji ye u ka baarakɛyɔrɔw la.

Acute exposition effects .A bɛ kɛ fɔlɔ ni hakiliɲagami ye min bɛ sɔrɔ cɛmancɛ la. Short-Term High-Daɲɛ sɔrɔli bɛ a jira ko a taamasiɲɛw bɛ daminɛ kungolodimi na, ɲɛnamini na, ani kunkolodimi na ka se hakili ɲagami ma, ɲɔgɔndɛmɛ bɔnɛni ma, a hakili tɛ min na, a bɛ se ka kirin, ani a bɛ se ka kɛ saya ye. Ɲɛ, nugu ani galaka dimi ka teli ka sɔrɔ ni solvent vapor exposure ye. O nɔ teliyalenw bɛ ɲɛnabɔ joona ni u tali banna, nka u bɛ faratiw lase u ma teliya la, u kɛtɔ ka kiri tigɛ ani ka u ka walekɛ waati tiɲɛ.

A bɛ kɛ ka a sɔrɔ a bɛ se ka kɛ .Ka se furakɛlifɛnw ma kalo walima san caman kɔnɔ, o bɛ na ni kɛnɛyako kɔlɔlɔ juguw ye. A bɛ mɛn sen na, o bɛ farikolo yɔrɔ caman ka sigida tiɲɛ:

Nervement system bɛ fɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen jira. Solvant neurotoxicité basigilen bɛ jira i n’a fɔ hakiliɲagami, hakilijagabɔ gɛlɛyaw, mɔgɔya caman yeli, ani jɛɲɔgɔnya dɔgɔyali. Fura dɔw-n-hexane, toluene, ani styrène- ye neurotoxins dafalenw ye. O bana bɛ se ka kɔsegin a fan dɔ fɛ ni a tali dabila ye, nka bana jugu bɛ tiɲɛni banbali lase mɔgɔ ma.

Fura caman ye hadamadenw ka kansɛribana ye minnu sɛmɛntiyalen don. Benzene bɛ jolidɛsɛ ni jolidɛsɛ bila mɔgɔ la. Foromadeyidi bɛ dɔ fara nugu kansɛri ni jolidɛsɛ faratiw kan. Trichlorethylene ni carbone tetrachloride fana bɛ kansɛribana taamasiɲɛw ta.

Bangekɔlɔsi nɔw sɛbɛnna furaji caman kama. 2-Etɔkisiɛtitanɔli ni mɛtokisietanɔli 2 tiɲɛni bangeli cɛw ni musow bɛɛ la. Muso kɔnɔma minnu bɛ sɔrɔ ni solvant hakɛ caman ye, olu ɲɛda bɛ kɔnɔtiɲɛ, bangekɔlɔsi fɛɛrɛw, ani den minnu girinya ka dɔgɔn, olu farati bɛ bonya.

Sugunɛ ni sugunɛ tiɲɛni bɛ sɔrɔ fura caman tali basigilen na. Nin farikolo yɔrɔw bɛ furajiw sɛnɛ, o b’a to u bɛ se ka kɛ furaji ye-toxicité induite. Kɔlɔri furajiw bɛ nɔ bila kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la sugunɛ baara la.

Farikoloɲɛnajɛ nɔ bɛ sɔrɔ tuma caman baarakɛlaw la minnu bɛ furajiw minɛ. Furaw bɛ tulu nafamaw bɔ fari la, ka u ja, ka u kari ani ka u fari faga. Fura dɔw bɛ don fari la min ma tiɲɛ, ka don joli la, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka u yɛrɛ tanga fiɲɛ bilali ma.

exposition siraw .Aw bɛ kɛnɛyako nɔw juguya ni u suguya jateminɛ. Fiɲɛ bilali bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw tacogo fɔlɔ jira. Solution (sɔgɔli) bɛ don fogonfogonw kɔnɔ ka u tila teliya la farikolo fan bɛɛ la joli sira fɛ. Farikolojidɛsɛ bɛ sɔrɔ ni jimafɛnw bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ walima ni baarakɛlaw bɛ u bolow su ji la sosɛti la. A dunni, hali ni a man ca, o bɛ kɛ ni bolo nɔgɔlenw ye minnu bɛ maga dumuni walima minnifɛnw na.

Tasuma ni binkanni faratiw .Aw bɛ faratiw jira joona. Organique solvants fanba bɛ se ka tasuma bɔ kosɛbɛ ni flashpoints dɔgɔmanw ye. Vapor-Fiɲɛ ɲagaminenw bɛ se ka tasuma bɔ kuran jɔlen na, tasumamuguw, tasuma dabɔlenw, walima yɔrɔ funtenimaw. A marali ka ɲɛ, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka dugukolonɔn kɛ walasa ka a bali ka bɔ cogo la min tɛ jɔ. Kuranko minɛnw bɛ sɔrɔ yɔrɔ minnu na, fura gɛlɛnw bɛ kɛ yɔrɔ minnu na, olu ka kan ka kɛ farati ye u yɛrɛ kɔnɔ. Baarakɛyɔrɔw ani fiɲɛ bilali ka ɲɛ, o ye wajibi ye ka kɔn "baara duman" si ɲɛ solvent-baarakɛyɔrɔw la.

Regulatory exposition limits .Aw ye dɛmɛ don baarakɛlaw lakanani na. Baarakɛlaw ka lakana ni kɛnɛyako ɲɛnabɔli (OSHA) bɛ dan sigi furakɛli dan na min bɛ se ka kɛ (PELs) fura caman na. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) bɛ dantigɛli kɛ ka ɲɛsin fɛnw sɔrɔli dantigɛli ma (RELS). Ameriki ka gɔfɛrɛnaman ka izini saniyabagaw ka lajɛba (ACGIH) bɛ dantigɛli kɛ dantigɛli dantigɛli (TLV) kan. O danw b’a jira ko fiɲɛ hakɛ caman bɛ sɔrɔ u cɛmancɛ la minnu bɛ tɛmɛ 8 kan-Lɛrɛ baara jiginni.

Lakanali fɛɛrɛw .A ka kan ka waleya yɔrɔ o yɔrɔ la, fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bɛ kɛ yɔrɔ o yɔrɔ la:

Engineering controls bɛ lafasali sira fɔlɔ di. Fiɲɛbɔ dafalen bɛ furajiw bɔ u bɔyɔrɔ la. Sigida ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw, sisi kafolanw, ani fiɲɛ bɛ marayɔrɔ minnu na, olu bɛ dɔ bɔ fiɲɛ hakɛ la. Sitimɛ dagalenw bɛ solwɛti bɔli dɔgɔya.

Mɔgɔ yɛrɛ lakanani minɛnw (PPE) bɛ sɔrɔ kemikɛli- ganw na minnu bɛ se ka furakɛ ni furaji kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye, lakana galasi walima ɲɛgɛnw, ninakilifɛnw ni fiɲɛ bɛ se ka don u la, ani u lakanani finiw. Glove sugandili bɛ jateminɛ ɲuman de wajibiya-Dumuni denbaya danfaralenw bɛ don glove fɛn wɛrɛw la.

marako kɔlɔsili bɛ baara kɛcogo ɲumanw de kan. Baarakɛlaw ka kan ka baara kɛ ni solvent hakɛ fitininw ye, ka minɛnw datugu ni u tɛ baara la, u kana bolo ko ni furajiw ye, ka solvant Changer teliya la-fini nɔgɔlenw, ani ka kalan sɔrɔ tuma bɛɛ furakɛli kɛcogo ɲuman kan.

Laadalata petoroli-Boxique solvants basigilenw bɛ dɛmɛba lase sigida gɛlɛyaw ma. U ka sɛgɛnba bɛ na ni fiɲɛba ye min bɛ bɔ fiɲɛ na. Fura minnu bɛ bɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw na (VOC) minnu bɛ bɔ furajiw la, olu bɛ u sen don fotokimiki smog sɔrɔli la ani u bɛ dɛmɛ don dugukolo la-Ozone nɔgɔya la. San 2017, fɛnɲɛnamafagalan minnu bɛ sɔrɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw na, olu tun bɛ Ameriki sigida lakanani baarada fɛ fiɲɛ min bɛ tugu fiɲɛ na.

Ni aw bɛ a fili cogo bɛnbali la, o bɛ dugukolo ni dugujukɔrɔji nɔgɔ. Fɛnɲɛnɛma caman bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw tiɲɛni kɛlɛ, u bɛ to sigida la waati jan kɔnɔ. Jilafɛnw ka ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo bɛ tiɲɛni kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen sɔrɔ ni solvent-ji nɔgɔlen don bajiw, bajiw, walima kɔw kɔnɔ. Petroli-Solvents conventionnels bɔyɔrɔ basigilen fana bɛ sigikafɔ haminankow lawuli ni dan ye fɛn ye min bɛ kɛ ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw sɔrɔ.

Sariyasunw ka degunw cayara nin san laban ninnu na. Erɔpu tɔnba ka VOC cikan bɛ dan sigi fiɲɛ bɔli la fiɲɛ fɛ. Ameriki sigida lakanani baarada bɛ sariya gɛlɛnw sigi senkan walasa ka baara kɛ ni u ye, ka u mara, ani ka u fili. Sariya caman bɛ dankari walima ka dankari kosɛbɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la furaji faratilenw i n’a fɔ tetarasikilini karɔbɔli ani kulorilen dɔw.

chimie verte sariyakolow ye fura wɛrɛw labɛn minnu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka sigida ni kɛnɛya sɔrɔ. BIO-Soluw minnu bɛ bɔ balofɛnw na minnu bɛ se ka segin u cogo kɔrɔ la, olu bɛ sira ɲuman di.

Etanɔli .Ka bɔ ɲɔ, kɔɔri, walima jiri sɔrɔyɔrɔ wɛrɛw la, olu bɛ bio-solvant basigilen jira min bɛ kɛ ka caya. A ka fɛnsɔrɔsiraw, dɔnniyaw, ani a ka ɲɛfɔli kɛcogo ɲuman min bɛ yen, o b’a to a bɛ mɔgɔ ɲɛnajɛ baara caman na. Bio-etanɔli ni petoroli bɛ bɛn kemikɛli ma-Etanɔli min bɔra nka a bɛ bɔ nafolo kura sɔrɔlenw na.

Ethyl lactate ., min bɛ bɔ ɲɔ dilanni na, o bɛ kɛ fura ye min ka fisa ni etili asetati ni asetɔni ye. Nin bio-Ester basigilen in bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ nɛgɛ saniya, penti stripping, ani i n’a fɔ coating solvant. A ka ɲɛnamaya tiɲɛni n’a ka baga dɔgɔyali bɛ bɛn a ma baarakɛcogo la yɔrɔ minnu na sigida sabatili bɛ hami bila mɔgɔ la.

2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-methf) .. Nin etɛri cyclique in ye baara sɔrɔ furakɛli la ani polimɛri dilanni na.

Sirini (dihydrolevoglucosenone) .A bɛ fɛn kura jira kɔsa in na furajiw la. A bɛ sɔrɔ selilulozi bɔgɔ la ka tɛmɛ fanga kɛrɛfɛ-neutral process fɛ, cyrene bɛ baga dɔgɔya ani a bɛ se ka dimethylformamide (DMF) ani n{{{{{{-2-pyrolidone (NMP) nɔ na baara caman na. A y’a jira ko a bɛ se ka kɛ grafɛnɛ sɔrɔli la ani karɔbɔni ɲɔgɔndanw na. Cyrene ye bonya sɔrɔ ni jaabi caman ye a ka kokuradonni n’a ka sabatili seereyaw kan.

Natural deep eutectic solvents (Nadess) .bɛ kɛ furajiw suguya ye min bɛ bɔ kɛnɛ kan, o bɛ sɔrɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ i n’a fɔ kolin kulori, urea, glycérol ani acides organiques. O etektiki ɲagaminenw bɛ to ji la so funteni na hali n’u yɔrɔ gɛlɛnw don. Na musoman bɛ baga dɔgɔya, a bɛ se ka tiɲɛ, ani a bɛ se ka fɛn suguya caman labɔ. U bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ye minnu bɛ sɔrɔ jiriw la, furakɛlicogo, ani sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛcogo.

Bio-Based Solvents suguya bonyalen don kosɛbɛ, ni jateminɛw y’a jira ko a bɛ ka bonya ka taa a fɛ. Allied Market Research y’a jira ko Green ni Bio-Based Solvents suguya bɛna san 4,3% hakɛ camanba sɛbɛn san 2014 ni 2020 cɛ.Masariyaw ɲinini min bɛ kɛ sigida lakanabagaw kan, ka fara sariyaw ka ɲininiw kan, o bɛ o bonya in lawuli.

Nka, furajiw bɛ gɛlɛyaw sɔrɔ. U tɛ se ka furaji kɔrɔlenw bila u nɔ na fɔlɔ baarakɛcogo bɛɛ la k’a sababu kɛ baara dantigɛli ye walima musaka caman. Bio-Duma balofɛnw bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ni dumuni dilanni ye, ka sabatili ɲininkaliw lawuli. Ɲɛnamaya-Sɔrɔli wuluwuluw jateminɛcogo ka kan k’u ka sɛnɛfɛnw dilanni cakɛda bɛɛ jateminɛ, i n’a fɔ sɛnɛfɛnw dontaw, baarakɛcogo fanga, ani bolifɛnw.

Solvent si tɛ "green" dafalen ye contexte bɛɛ la. U kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka kan ka jateminɛ a kɛcogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen kɔnɔ, ka fɛn dilanni fɛɛrɛw jateminɛ, ka sekow lasegin u cogo kɔrɔ la, ka laban-of-ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo ɲuman, ani baarakɛcogo bɛɛ lajɛlen nafa. Laɲini tɛ Universal Green Solvent kelen ye nka a bɛ kɛ baarakɛminɛn suguya caman ye minnu bɛ bɛn baarakɛcogo wɛrɛw ma.

Aw bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan ɲuman sugandi baara kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ kama, o bɛ a ɲini ka fɛn caman balan. Solvent sugandili gafew labɛnna walasa ka furakɛlikɛlaw ni ɛntɛrinɛti kalanbagaw dɛmɛ u ka se ka latigɛw kɛ.

Paramɛtiriw (Pamélates solubilités) .Aw bɛ a fɔ ni furaji dɔ bɛna fɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ labɔ. Sariyasen "i n'a fɔ dissolve like" bɛ daminɛyɔrɔ di-Polar solutes bɛ polar solutes wuli, ka sɔrɔ non-polar solvents bɛ fɛn minnu tɛ-Polar fɛnw ye. Hansen ka solubilité paramètres bɛ saba-yɔrɔ danfaralen di, ka polarite kari ka kɛ jɛnsɛnni fanga ye, polari jɛɲɔgɔnyaw, ani hidrɔzɛni sirili yɔrɔw.

Reaction jateminɛw .kemikaliya sinti kɔnɔ, furaji nɔ bɛ sɔrɔ waleyali hakɛ la, sugandili la, ani sɔrɔ la. Solvent polarite bɛ nɔ bila farikoloɲɛnajɛ fɛɛrɛw la. Protic solvents (minnu bɛ ni hidrogène sirili seko ye) kɛcogo tɛ kelen ye ni aprotic solvents (minnu tɛ u la) kɛcogo caman na. Funteni hakɛ wajibiyalenw bɛ se ka solwɛti sugandili dɔn-Fɛn minnu bɛ kɛ funteni kɔrɔtalen na, olu bɛ furaji caman de wajibiya-K’a sɔrɔ minnu ka dɔgɔn-Furaya walew mago bɛ furajiw la minnu bɛ to ji la o funteni hakɛ la.

Jiginni baarakɛcogo .A bɛ nɔ bila solwɛti sugandili la. Ni fura ka kan ka bɔ furaji la, a farali nɔgɔya nafa ka bon. Solvent volatile bɛ a to a ka kɛ ni a ka teli ka wuli. Solvents immiscibles bɛ se ka kɛ ji la-ji bɔli la. Taabolo dɔw bɛ kɛ ka furajiw lasegin u cogo kɔrɔ la ani ka u baara kokura, ka sabatili ni saniya nɔgɔya kɛ nafama ye.

Sigida, kɛnɛya ani lakana (EHS) ɲɛfɔli .A girinya ka bon bi solwɛti sugandili la. Baarakɛminɛn minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ Chem21 Solvent Selection Guide, olu bɛ dɛmɛ ka fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw dɔn minnu ka fisa. Nin gafe ninnu bɛ furajiw bila kulu caman kɔnɔ: lakana (flammability, reactivity), kɛnɛya (toxicité acte, effet chronique), sigida (toxicité de l’aquatique, de l’aquatique), ani bɔgɔ furakɛli gɛlɛya.

Sɔrɔko koɲɛw .Aw bɛ solwɛti musaka dɔw fara a kan, minnu bɛ danfara ka caya, ani fɛnsɔrɔsiraw wajibiyalenw. Fura kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw bɛ se ka kɛ minɛn sɔngɔ gɛlɛnw na walasa u ka se ka u kunbɛn walima ka u kɛnɛya. Sariyaw labatoli musakaw-Aw bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni furaji dɔw ye, o bɛ fara musaka bɛɛ kan.

Solvent systems ɲagaminenw .Tuma caman na, a bɛ baara kɛcogo ɲuman di ka tɛmɛ furaji kelenw kan. Biɲɛ fila walima ternari ɲagaminenw bɛ se ka fura suguya wɛrɛw nafaw fara ɲɔgɔn kan ka sɔrɔ ka dɛsɛw dɔgɔya. Lithium batiri elektrɔliw bɛ nin fɛɛrɛ in misali di, ka furajiw ɲagami walasa ka se ka dielektriki basigilen caman sɔrɔ ani ka sɔgɔli dɔgɔya.

Fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalanw ka fɛɛrɛbɔ bɛ taa ɲɛ ka ɲɛsin fɛɛrɛbɔ ɲininiw ma ani sabatili wajibiyalenw ma.

Solvent-Furakɛcogo fu .A bɛ laɲini ɲuman jira chimie verte la. Yɔrɔ min na a bɛ se ka kɛ, ka furajiw bɔ yen, o bɛ u ka faratiw ni musakaw bɔ ɲɔgɔn na pewu. Solid-State reactions, neat reactions (reactants ɲagaminen ni solvent tɛ), ani mechanochimique processus bɛ nin kuntilenna in ɲɛ. Nka, baarakɛminɛn caman bɛ furajiw de wajibiya hali bi walasa u ka se ka waleya.

Fluides supercritiques ., kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, gazi ɲuman min ka bon kosɛbɛ (SCCO2), o bɛ fura wɛrɛw di minnu bɛ kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ye. A ka funteni ni a ka tansiyɔn gɛlɛn sanfɛ, CO2 bɛ kɛ ji ye ni ji ye-i n’a fɔ density nka gazi-i n’a fɔ diffusivité. SCCO2 bɛ fɛn caman bɔ minnu tɛ-Polar fɛn caman ye, u tɛ toxic residues sɔrɔ, wa u bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan nɔgɔya la ni degun dɔgɔyali ye. Kafefeerelaw bɛ baara kɛ ni SCCO2 ye ka ɲɛsin banakisɛfagalanw ma. Fura bɔli ni polimɛri baarakɛcogo fana bɛ kɛ ni ji supercritiques ye. High-Tressure minɛnw wajibiyalenw ani polarite danma bɛ dan sigi den ladonni na ka caya.

Ionique jilamaw .bɛ Kɛ ionw ye minnu bɛ To ji la so funteni na. Nin furajiw bɛ se ka labɛn ka kɛɲɛ ni baara kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye ni katiyɔnw ye minnu bɛnnen don-Anion faralen ɲɔgɔn kan. U ka tansiyɔn min tɛ foyi ye, o bɛ fiɲɛ bɔli bali. Nka, ioniki jilama caman bɛ ni toxicologie dɔnbali ye, u sinti bɛ se ka kɛ sɔngɔba ye, wa u lasegincogo bɛ jateminɛ kɛcogo de wajibiya.

Jatebεli sεbεncogo sεbεn .A bɛ solwɛti sugandili teliya ni molekiyɔmu modɛli ye ani masin kalanni. Solution nafaw, reaction sɔrɔw, ani sigida tiɲɛniw jatebɔ bɛ dɔ bɔ kɔrɔbɔli kɔrɔbɔli la-ani-fili. O baarakɛminɛnw bɛ dɛmɛ ka mɔgɔ minnu bɛ layidu ta, olu dɔn ka bɔ kemikɛli yɔrɔbaw la.

Fluorated solvents ka ɲɛsin batiriw ma minnu bɛ taa ɲɛ .Aw ye ɲininiw jateminɛ kosɛbɛ. Next-Batiri litiyamuw sɛnɛni minnu ka teli ka wuli ani fanga densités, olu mago bɛ furajiw la minnu bɛ sabati ka tɛmɛ 4.8V kan. Karɔbɔni ni etɛriw bɛ layidu jira yɔrɔ dɔw la. Trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate ani fluorinées wɛrɛw bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka litiyɔmu caman-voltage lithium-Cathodes rich ani litiyɔmu nɛgɛ anɔdiw kɛ.

Solvant recyclage ani a kɛnɛyali .Fɛɛrɛw bɛ ɲɛtaa sabati. Distillation bɛ fura ɲagaminenw fara ɲɔgɔn kan ka da tobilikɛyɔrɔ danfara kan. Membrane separation, adsorption, ani oxidation processus avancés recover et de proprify de solvents plottes. Dadon-Loop systems bɛ furaji kura dunni ni bɔgɔ bɔli dɔgɔya.

Biologique solvant industry bɛ gɛlɛya basigilen sɔrɔ baarakɛcogo wajibiyalenw ni sabatili kuntilenna cɛ. A bɛ se ka kɛ ko baarakɛcogo dɔw tɛ se ka fura wɛrɛw sɔrɔ minnu bɛ kɛ ni jiri ye, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka laadala furajiw kɛ ka taa a fɛ, minnu bɛ kɛ ka u kɛ ka u kɛ. Baara wɛrɛw bɛna wuli ka taa bio-Basa, farati man bon, walima a bɛɛ bɛ se ka kɛ ni solvent-Free approaches ye. Trajectory (taamasenɲɛ) bɛ tali kɛ baarakɛminɛn suguya caman na, minnu ka ca ni u ye-specifiques solvant toolkit (Solvant Toolkit) bɛ lakana ni sigida kunkankow bila jɔyɔrɔ fɔlɔ la.

Sɛgɛsɛgɛliw kɛli sigicogo kan-Nafolo jɛɲɔgɔnyaw bɛ taa a fɛ k’a jira cogo min na molekiyɔmu sigicogo bɛ solwɛti jogo latigɛ. O dɔnniya bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka solvent kuraw dilan ni hakili ye ka ɲɛ kuntilenna kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kama. Chimie green chimie sariyaw, mɔgɔya kɛcogo kɔrɔlenw, ani jatebɔminɛnw faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, o bɛ ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ka fɛɛrɛw sɛgɛsɛgɛ kokura san kɛmɛ 21nan na.

Organic Solvents

Fɛnɲɛnɛmafagalan dɔ bɛ sɔrɔ atomiw la minnu bɛ bɔ a la, a ka ca a la, a bɛ siri idɔrɔzi, oksizɛni, azote, walima halojeni atomuw la. O bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw danfara bɔ ɲɔgɔn na i n’a fɔ ji (H2O) walima amoniyɔmu jilama min tɛ ni karɔbɔli ye. Karɔbɔni-dacogo basigilen bɛ u ka seko ni dɔnko jogo di u ma walasa u ka se ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw wɛrɛw labɔ.

Organique solvants bɛɛ tɛ ni baga hakɛ kelen ye. Toxicité (toxicité) bɛ danfaraba la ka da kemikɛli cogoya kan. Etanɔli bɛ baga dɔgɔya kosɛbɛ ani a bɛ ye minfɛnw ni furaw la. O ni bɛnzɛni tɛ kelen ye, a bɛ kɛ baga ye kosɛbɛ ani a bɛ kansɛribana bila mɔgɔ la. Tetarakulori karɔti bɛ sugunɛ tiɲɛ kosɛbɛ. Solution kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ mɔgɔ kelen-kelen bɛɛ ka kɛnɛyako gɛlɛyaw jateminɛ lakana kunnafoniw fɛ ani sariyaw ka laadilikanw fɛ.

Ɔwɔ, fɛnɲɛnamafagalan caman bɛ se ka segin u cogo kɔrɔ la distillation fɛ, o bɛ yɔrɔw fara ɲɔgɔn kan ka da u tobili yɔrɔw kan minnu tɛ kelen ye. kemisɛriw bɛ to ka furajiw sɔrɔ ani ka baara kɛ ni u ye kokura walasa ka musakaw dɔgɔya ani ka sigida laminiko gɛlɛyaw dɔgɔya. A bɛ se ka kɛ ka fɛnw lasegin u cogo kɔrɔ la, o bɛ bɔ sosɛti suguya la, saniyako wajibiyalenw na, ani nɔgɔya hakɛ la. Sɛbɛn dɔw bɛ npogotigininw de wajibiya ka sɔrɔ dɔw bɛ sɔn fɛnw ma minnu bɛ segin ka kɛ fɛn wɛrɛw ye.

Batiri litiyamuw bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw de wajibiya barisa litiyamu bɛ kɛ ni ji ye ni fanga ye, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka jilafɛnw kɛ fɛn ye min tɛ se ka kɛ. Karɔbɔni organiques solvents bɛ lithium kɔgɔw wuli ka sɔrɔ ka to ka sabati elektrɔniki fɛ batiri ka voltage range kan. U bɛ surface films fana dilan elekitorodew kan minnu bɛ tiɲɛni wɛrɛw bali. Etilɛni karɔbɔni ni karɔbɔni liniyali faralen ɲɔgɔn kan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, o bɛ balansi ɲuman di ionw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ni elekitorode lakanani ma.

Organiques solvents ye carbon-ji basigilenw ye minnu nafa ka bon iziniw kɔnɔ ka bɔ furakɛlifɛnw na ka se elekitoronikiw ma, ni 200 ni kɔ ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka baara kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kɛ .

Kɛnɛya ni lakana faratiw bɛ danfaraba la fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw cɛ, k’a ta etanɔli ɲuman na ka se bɛnzɛni kansɛri ma, o bɛ a ɲini ka a yɛrɛ tangacogo gɛlɛnw kɔlɔsi ani ka a tangalan bɛnnenw ma

Litiyɔmu batiri fɛɛrɛ bɛ da kosɛbɛ karɔbɔni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw kan minnu bɛ litiyamu kɔgɔw labɔ, ka ionw kɛ elekitorodew ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ, ani ka filimuw kɛ minnu bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka batiri janya .

Fɛn wɛrɛw minnu bɛ kɛ ni jiri ye i n’a fɔ biyo-Solvents basigilenw, fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw (solvants de solventes életectiques) naturelles, ani fɛnɲɛnamafagalan minnu bɛ kɛ ni fluorine ye, olu bɛ ka petoroli faratilen caman falen dɔɔni .

Solution sugandili bɛ ɲini ka fɛn caman balan i n’a fɔ fanga tiɲɛni, lakanacogo, sigida lakanani, musaka, ani baarakɛcogo{0}}Baarakɛcogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw .